· Web viewThe association of the Marine Corps with the Mameluke sword began in the early 19th century. The "Mamelukes" were an elite Muslim military force from Eastern and Northern

3D MLG Study GuideSECTION 101

In detail, describe the Marine Corps Emblem and discuss the significance of its different elements. The emblem consists of an eagle clenching the Marine Corps motto in its beak, the globe (Western

Hemisphere), and the anchor. The emblem was adopted from the British (Royal) Marines and was modified by Brigadier General Jacob Zeilin in 1868 to depict the Marines as both American and maritime.

The globe and anchor signify the worldwide service and sea traditions. The spread eagle represents the nation itself. The motto, "Semper Fidelis" is Latin for "Always Faithful."

Describe the origin of the term “First to Fight.” Marines have been in the forefront of every American war since the founding of the Marine Corps. They

entered the Revolution in 1775, just before the Declaration of Independence was signed. They have carried out more than 300 landings on foreign shores. They have served everywhere, from the poles to the tropics. Their record of readiness reflects pride, responsibility and challenge.

Describe the origin of the term “Leathernecks.” This nickname dates back to the leather stock, or neckpiece worn as part of the Marine Uniform during the

years of 1775-1875. Utilized to protect the neck from saber slashes, the leather bands around their throats had a side effect of ensured that Marines kept their heads erect.

Describe the origin of the term “Devil Dogs.” In 1918, during the battle of Belleau Wood near the Marne River in France, the Germans received a

thorough indoctrination on the Marines fighting ability. The Marines persistent attack had the Germans calling them “Teufelhunden” translated “Devil Dogs.”

Describe the meaning of “Esprit de Corps.” This implies devotion and loyalty to the Marine Corps, with deep regard for its history, traditions and

honor. It is the epitome of pride in a unit.Describe the origin of the term “Uncommon valor was a common virtue.”

Refers to largest of all-Marine battles in history. Admiral Nimitz applied the Marines’ fighting ability on Iwo Jima to the entire Corps’ contribution during that war, stating, and “Uncommon valor was a common virtue.”

Describe the meaning “Semper Fidelis.” The official motto for the Marine Corps, “Semper Fidelis,” is Latin for “Always Faithful.” The motto,

sometimes abbreviated, “Semper Fi,” was adopted about 1883.

Identify Significant Marines. SMEDLEY D. BUTLER.

Major General Butler is recognized for earning two Medals of Honor: (1) Veracruz and (2) First Caco War in Haiti. By the end of 1916, the Marine Corps was recognized as a national force in readiness and for leadership gained form continual combat and expeditionary experience.

JOHN A. LEJEUNE. Major General Lejeune served as 13th Commandant of the Marine Corps, 1920-1929. Lejeune was the first

Marine officer ever to command an army division in combat, in France during World War I (1918).LEWIS B. ("CHESTY") PULLER.

Lieutenant General Puller served in Nicaragua, through several periods of political unrest and rebellious activity. Puller and a force of about 32 Marines became famous for their ability to engage rebel groups and bandits while scouring the jungles in a wide area of Nicaragua to the Honduran border. Puller became known as the "Tiger of the Mountains" (1930). The Marine Corps' mascot, an English bulldog named "Chesty," is named for this brave and fine Marine Corps officer.

PRESLEY NEVILLE O'BANNON. First Lieutenant O'Bannon is remembered for heroism in the battle for the harbor fortress of Derna

(Tripoli) in the Mediterranean. O'Bannon's Marines were the first U.S. forces to hoist the flag over territory in the Old World. The "Mameluke" sword, carried by Marine officers today, was presented to O'Bannon in 1805.

ARCHIBALD HENDERSON. Brevet Brigadier General Archibald Henderson became Commandant in 1820 and held this command until his

death in 1859, a period of 39 years. General Henderson led the Corps through the Indian Wars, the War with Mexico, the "opening" of China, and the disorder's in Central America. The "Grand Old Man of the Marine Corps," as he is often called, introduced higher standards of personal appearance, training, discipline, and strived to have the Marine Corps known as a professional military force, capable of more than just sea and guard duties

JOHN H. QUICK. Sergeant Major Quick is remembered for his performance at Cuzco Well (Guantanamo Bay, Cuba), where he

participated in an operation to seize an advanced base for the Atlantic Fleet battalion of Marines. The Sergeant Major won the Medal of Honor for semaphoring for an emergency lift of the naval bombardment while under Spanish and American shellfire. The landing at Guantanamo demonstrated the usefulness of marines as assault troops. When employed with the fleet, Marines gave added strength for the capture and defense of advanced bases, becoming a primary mission of the Marine Corps (1898).

DANIEL DALY. Sergeant Major Daly is recognized for earning two Medals of Honor: (1) Chinese Boxer Rebellion and (2)

First Caco War in Haiti. When his unit had been pinned down and their attack was stopped during the Battle of Belleau Wood, then Gunnery Sergeant Daly yelled to his men, "Come on, you sons of a b-----, do you want to live forever?"

JOSEPH L. FOSS.

Captain Foss was a Marine pilot instrumental in taking, the Japanese airfield at Guadalcanal. For his participation, the Captain was awarded the Medal of Honor. By the end of World War II, Foss was the second-ranking Marine ace, with 26 victories ("kills") to his credit (1942).

GREGORY R. ("PAPPY") BOYINGTON. Major Boyington is recognized for his prowess in aerial dogfights. "Pappy" commanded VMH-214, the Black

Sheep," during World War II. By the end of the War, the Major was recognized as the Marine Corps' top ranking flying ace with 28 victories ("kills") (1945).

IRA H. HAYES. The Fifth Amphibious Corps of Marines, commanded by Major General Harry Schmidt, was assigned to take Iwo

Jima. Corporal Ira Hayes, a Pima Indian, was one of the Marines immortalized in the now famous photograph (not shown) taken of the second flag raising on Mount Suribachi, shortly after the Japanese stronghold was taken on 23 February, 1945.

OPHA MAE JOHNSON. Private Johnson became the Marine Corps' first enlisted woman on 13 August, 1918. Her enlistment was a

reflection of the dramatic changes in the status of women brought about by the entry of the United States into World War I. Marine Reserve (F) was the official title by which the Marine Corps' first enlisted women were known. They were better known as "skirt Marines" and "Marinettes."

ANNIE L. GRIMES. CWO Grimes was the third black woman to become a Marine and the first black woman officer to retire after

her "full 20."MARGARET A. BREWER.

Brigadier General Brewer, then a Colonel, served as the director of Women Marines (WM) during the period 1973-1977. She was the seventh and last director of WMs, the only post-World War woman to hold the position. Margaret Brewer became the Marine Corps first woman general officer on 11 May 1978.

MOLLY MARINE. "Molly," a monument in New Orleans to women, who serve and have served as Marines, was dedicated on the

Marine Corps birthday in 1943. The first statue of a woman in uniform anywhere in the world was that of Joan D'Arc, in full armor, in Orleans, France; it is only fitting that the first statue of a woman in uniform in the United States resides in New Orleans.

Describe significant battles. The BATTLE OF BLADENSBURG:

In August of 1814, 103 Marines and 400 sailors made a vain attempt to block a force of 4,000 disciplined British troops from advancing on Washington. The Marines stopped three headlong charges before finally being outflanked and driven back. The British then moved down Bladensburg Road to Washington where they burned a number of public buildings before retiring to their vessels in the Chesapeake Bay.

The BATTLE OF NEW ORLEANS: In January of 1815, Marines under the command of General Andrew Jackson Soundly defeated British Forces

that were attacking the city of New Orleans. The British lost approximately 2,000 men while American losses were less than 100.

The BATTLE OF BELLEAU WOOD: Marines fought one of their greatest battles in history at Belleau Wood, France, during World War I.

Marines helped to crush a German offensive at Belleau Wood that threatened Paris. In honor of the Marines who fought there, the French renamed the area "the Wood of the Brigade of Marines." German intelligence evaluated the Marines as "storm troops" -- the highest rating on the enemy fighting scale. In reference to the Marines ferocious fighting ability, German troops called their new enemy "Teufelhunden" or "Devil dogs," a nickname in which Marines share pride.

The BATTLE OF WAKE ISLAND: In 1941, following the air attack on Pearl Harbor, the Japanese struck Wake Island on 8 December. Despite

being heavily outnumbered, the Marines mounted a courageous defense before finally falling on 23 December. This small force of Marines caused an extraordinary number of Japanese casualties and damage to the invading force.

The BATTLE OF GUADALCANAL: On 7 August 1942, the 1st Marine Division landed on the beaches of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands and

launched the first United States land offensive of World War II. This battle marked the first combat test of the new amphibious doctrine, and also provided a crucial turning point of the war in the Pacific by providing a base to launch further invasions of Japanese-held islands. Amphibious landings followed on the remaining Solomon Islands including New Georgia, Choiseul (Feint), and Bougainville.

The BATTLE OF TARAWA: The Gilbert Islands were the first in the line of advance for the offensive in Central Pacific. The prime

objective was the Tarawa Atoll and Betio Island which had been fortified to the point that the Japanese commander proclaimed that it would take a million Americans 100 years to conquer it. On 20 November 1943, Marines landed and secured the island within 76 hours, but paid a heavy price in doing so. Because of an extended reef, landing craft could not cross it, and Marines were offloaded hundreds of yards from the beaches. This led to heavy losses from drowning as well as enemy fire.

The BATTLE OF THE MARIANA ISLANDS: Due to the need for airfields by the Air Force and advanced bases for the Navy, the Marianna’s were

invaded. This was accomplished by landings on the islands of Saipan, Guam, and Tinian. During June and July of 1943, Lieutenant General Holland M. Smith led a combined invasion force of Marines and soldiers

that totaled over 136,000. This was the greatest number of troops, up to that time, to operate in the field under Marine command.

The BATTLE OF IWO JIMA: On 19 February 1945, Marines landed on Iwo Jima in what was the largest all-Marine battle in history. It

was also the bloodiest in Marine Corps history. The Marine Corps suffered over 23,300 casualties. The capture of Iwo Jima greatly increased the air support and bombing operations against the Japanese home islands. Of the savage battle, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz said, "among the Americans who served on Iwo Island, uncommon valor was a common virtue."

The BATTLE OF OKINAWA: In April of 1945, Marines and soldiers landed and secured the island of Okinawa. This marked the last

large action of World War II. Due to the death of the Army commander, Major General Roy S. Geiger assumed command of the 10th Army and became the only Marine officer ever to have commanded a field Army.

The BATTLE OF THE CHOSIN RESERVOIR: After pushing far into North Korea during November 1950, Marines were cut off after the Chinese Communist

Forces entered the war. Despite facing a 10-division force sent to annihilate them, Marines smashed seven enemy divisions in their march from the Chosin Reservoir. The major significance of this retrograde movement was that Marines brought out all operable equipment, properly evacuated their wounded and dead, and maintained tactical integrity.

The SECOND BATTLE OF KHE SANH: In January 1968, Marines defended the firebase at Khe Sanh from an attack force of two North Vietnamese

Army (NVA) divisions. Despite heavy bombardment, the Marines held out for over two and a half months before finally forcing the enemy forces to withdraw.

The BATTLE OF HUE CITY: During the Vietnamese holiday of Tet in January 1968, Communist forces launched a surprise offensive by

infiltrating large numbers of their troops into the major population centers of Hue City, South Vietnam. A near division-size unit of NVA troops occupied the city of Hue and the Citadel. Marines fought in built-up areas for the first time since the Korean War foregoing the application of heavy arms to minimize civilian casualties. Fighting was house-to-house with progress measured in yards. The city was secured on 25 February 1968.

Recognize the significant contributions path breakers (Montford Point Marines, Women Marines, etc.) have made to the Marine Corps legacy.Montford Point Marines:

Our Montford point brothers are patriots. From 1942-1949, nearly 20,000 African-American men from across America came to Montford point camp in Jacksonville, North Carolina seeking the American dream of inclusion and the opportunity to defend our country as a united states marine. Like the wider society at large that was socially and culturally divided by race, the Marine Corps trained these men separately denying them their rightful place in the corps and in its rich tradition of service. These men served in battle, provided critical supplies to those on the front lines and evacuated the wounded to safety. They did their jobs with professionalism and ably proved their courage in epic battles of the pacific like Saipan, Iwo Jima, and Okinawa. THE DIVERSITY OF TODAY'S MARINE CORPS WAS PAVED IN LARGE PART BY THE SELFLESS DEDICATION TO DUTY OF THE MONTFORD POINT MARINES.

Identify the historical significance of Marine Corps uniform items.State the significance of the Marine Corps emblem.

The basic design of the emblem was officially adopted in 1868. It is a symbolic representation which Americans, both civilian and military, immediately identify as "Marines." Prior to 1868, the Marines wore various emblems based mainly on the spread eagle and fouled anchor. In 1868, the seventh Commandant, General Zeilin, decided on a single, distinctive emblem centered around the globe.

The emblem represents what we stand for, our past, and our future. There are three basic components of the Marine Corps emblem:

Anchor . The first part of the emblem is the anchor. It is not just a plain anchor but a "fouled" anchor. The anchor emphasizes the close ties of the Marine Corps with the U.S. Navy.

Globe . Emphasizing the close ties between the U.S. Marine Corps and the British Royal Marines, the idea of a globe as part of the emblem was borrowed from the emblem of the Royal Marines. However, the Royal Marines' emblem shows the Eastern Hemisphere, whereas the U.S. Marine Corps' emblem shows the Western Hemisphere. This was only natural since the United States is located in the Western Hemisphere and many of the early Marine combat operations and noncombatant duties were in the Western Hemisphere. Today, of course, the globe can also symbolize the "global" Marine Corps commitments and responsibilities which have evolved in the 20th century.

Eagle . The third part of the emblem is the eagle. The eagle is the national symbol of the United States, and is the one part of the emblem which readily identifies the Marine Corps with the United States. The eagle proudly carries a streamer in its beak which bears the motto of the Corps, "Semper Fidelis."

The scarlet trouser stripe: A red stripe first appeared on uniform trousers in 1798, and reappeared in 1840 and 1859, partly as a

result of the military fashions of the day. The popular story, which cannot be supported by fact, is that the red stripe commemorates the bloodshed by Marines in the Battle of Chapultepec in 1846.

State the significance of the quatrefoil. The quatrefoil : The quatrefoil is an interwoven braid in the shape of a cross of figure eights

found on top of the Marine officer's barracks covers. Officially, the quatrefoil first became an authorized part of the uniform in 1859. The quatrefoil was the fashionable military style of the era. Popular belief tells us that the quatrefoil was worn on the caps of Marines fighting on the decks of ships in order that they might be easily recognized by the Marine sharpshooters located above in the ship's rigging.

State the significance of the Mameluke sword. Mameluke sword : Until the invention of gunpowder, the sword was once one of the primary combat weapons

used by the military. The association of the Marine Corps with the Mameluke sword began in the early 19th century. The "Mamelukes" were an elite Muslim military force from Eastern and Northern Africa. They used a sword that had a gold hilt, ivory handle, and a curved blade. Tradition states that in recognition of Lieutenant Presley O'Bannon's heroic actions in the Tripoli expedition, Prince Hamet Bey presented him a Mameluke sword.

State the significance of the NCO sword. The NCO sword : Noncommissioned officers of the Marine Corps are the only NCOs in any branch of the

regular United States Armed Forces who still have the privilege of carrying what is considered to be a commissioned officer's weapon. The Marine NCO sword rates as one of the oldest U. S. weapons still in use (second only to the Mameluke sword). While limited by regulation to "when in charge of troops on ceremonial occasions," the sword is part of our intangible esprit de corps.

State the significance of the French Fourragere. The Fourragere was awarded by the French Ministry of War to those units which were cited two or more

times in the French Orders of the Army, and when awarded became part of the cited unit's uniform. The 5th and 6th Marine Regiments were so cited during World War I, and therefore, all Marines serving in

these units are authorized to wear the Fourragere. Marines entitled to wear the Fourragere will wear it on all uniform service and dress coats/jackets when

medals or ribbons are prescribed. The Fourragere will not be worn on the tanker jacket or the AWC. The Fourragere will have a pencil attachment with a polished brass or black tip, will be of the same

shades as the ribbon of the Croix de Guerre Medal, and will conform to applicable military specifications.

The Fourragere will be worn over the left shoulder with the left arm passing through the large loop of the cord; the small loop will engage the button under the shoulder strap, except on the enlisted men's blue dress coat when it will engage the button above the strap, and the metal pencil attachment will hang naturally to the front.

Identify colors/standards, and guidons. C olors/standards . Specialized flags carried by military units. Each arm or branch of the service has its

own colors. The Marine Corps colors/standards are scarlet with gold fringe trim. The Marine emblem is centered on the flag with a white scroll below. Marine Colors are carried beside the National Colors. Standards are Marine Colors that are mounted, such as flags mounted in the Commanding Officer's office.

Organizational standards/colors . Carried by supporting establishment commands. Scroll on the flag says "United States Marine Corps".

Battle Colors/Standards . Carried by Fleet Marine Force units (FMF). The scroll has the unit's name followed by FMF on it. Battle streamers that have been awarded to the unit are displayed just below the mast head.

Guidons . Guidons are small rectangular flags, made in Marine Corps colors. They are carried by companies, batteries, or detachments.

Identify the traditions associated with the Marine Corps birthday celebration. The Marine Corps Birthday

The United States Marine Corps of today has had a continual existence since 1798, when President John Adams signed into law an act reestablishing the Corps. However, the traditional and official founding date of the Marine Corps is celebrated on 10 November. On this day in 1775, the Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, authorized the raising and enlistment of two battalions of Marines for service with the newly formed naval forces of the colonies. This all started at Tun Tavern in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, making it the birthplace of the Corps.

Marine Corps Birthday celebration customs. All Marine Corps activities, if at all practical, shall provide for suitable observance of the Marine

Corps birthday on 10 November. When 10 November falls on a Sunday, the birthday will be celebrated on the preceding Saturday. Such observances shall be appropriate to the size and mission of the activity concerned in accordance with the local conditions and within financial means of personnel of the host activity. The Drill and Ceremonies Manual outlines procedures for Birthday observances.

Troop formations, to include parades, are to be held when practical. The reading of General John A. Lejune's birthday message should be included.

Social observances to include the birthday ball and the traditional cake-cutting ceremony. The first piece of cake to honor the oldest Marine present. The second piece of cake to honor the youngest Marine present.

Section 102United States Marine Corps (USMC) Mission and Organization Fundamentals

State the mission and function of the Marine Corps The official mission of the Marine Corps established in the 1952 Amendment to the National Security Act

of 1947:“Marines are trained, organized, and equipped for offensive amphibious employment and as a force of readiness.”

Identify the roles and functions of the Marine Corps.

Roles: Broad and enduring purposes Congress established by law for the Services and for USSOCOM. United States Code, Title 10,

Armed Forces Shall be organized to include not less than three combat divisions, 3 aircraft wings, and other organic land combat forces, aviation and services.

Shall provide Fleet Marine Forces with combines arms and supporting air components for service with the United States Fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the execution of a naval campaign

Shall provide detachments and organizations for service on armed vessels of the Navy and security detachments for the protection of naval property at naval stations and bases.

Shall Develop, in coordination with the Army, Navy, and Air Force, the doctrine, tactics, techniques, and equipment employed by landing forces in amphibious operations.

Shall maintain the Marine Corps Reserve for the purpose of providing trained units and qualified individuals to be available for active duty in the Marine Corps in time of war or national emergency and at such other times as the national security may require.

Expand peacetime components to meet wartime needs according to the joint mobilization plans. Perform such other duties as the President may direct.

Functions: Specific responsibilities assigned to the Services by the President and Secretary of Defense to enable

the Services to fulfill their legally established roles. United States Code, Title 10 Seize and defend advanced naval bases or lodgments to facilitate subsequent joint operations Provide close air support for ground troops Conduct land and air operations essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign or as directed Conduct amphibious operations, including engagement, crisis response, and power projection operations, to

assure access. Conduct security and stability operations and assist with the initial establishment of a military

government, pending transfer of this to other authority. Provide Marine Corps officer and enlisted personnel in support of the Department of State security

program overseas. Organize Marine Corps aviation, as a collateral function, to participate as an integral component of

naval aviation in the execution of such other Navy functions as the fleet commanders may direct.Identify where the three Marine Expeditionary Forces (MEFs) are located

I Marine Expeditionary Force (I MEF), based in southern California and Arizona II Marine Expeditionary Force (II MEF), based in North and South Carolina III Marine Expeditionary Force (III MEF), based in Japan and Hawaii

Identify where the four Marine Divisions (MARDIVs) are located. I Marine Divisions (I MARDIV), based in southern California and Arizona II Marine Divisions (II MARDIV), based in North and South Carolina III Marine Divisions (III MARDIV), based in Japan and Hawaii IV Marine Divisions (IV MARDIV), based in New Orleans

Identify where the four Marine Air Wings (MAW) are located I Marine Air Wing (I MAW), based in Japan and Hawaii II Marine Air Wing (MAW), based in North and South Carolina III Marine Air Wing (MAW), based in southern California and Arizona IV Marine Air Wing (MAW), based in New Orleans

Identify where the four Marine Logistics (MLG) Groups are located. I Marine Logistics Group (MLG), based in southern California and Arizona II Marine Logistics Group (MLG), based in North and South Carolina III Marine Logistics Group (MLG), based in Japan and Hawaii IV Marine Logistics Group (MLG), based in New Orleans

Describe the acronym MAGTF. The MAGTF is the Marine Corps’ principle organization for the conduct of all missions across the range of

military operations. MAGTFs are balanced, combined-arms forces with organic ground, aviation, and sustainment elements. They are flexible, task organized forces that can respond rapidly to a contingency anywhere in the world and are able to conduct a variety of missions. Although MAGTFs are task organized, each MAGTF, regardless of its size or mission, has the same basic structure. Each MAGTF has four core elements: a Command Element (CE), a ground combat element (GCE), an aviation combat element (ACE), and a Logistics Combat Element (LCE).

The CE is the MAGTF headquarters. It is task organized to provide command and control capabilities (including intelligence and communications) necessary for effective planning, direction, and execution of all operations.

The GCE is task organized to conduct ground operations in support of the MAGTF mission. It is normally formed around an infantry organization reinforced with requisite artillery, reconnaissance, armor, and engineer forces and can vary in size and composition from a rifle platoon to one or more Marine divisions.

The ACE is task-organized to support the MAGTF mission by performing some or all of the six functions of Marine aviation. The ACE is normally built around an aviation organization that is augmented with appropriate air command and control, combat, combat support, and combat logistic support units. The ACE can operate effectively from ships, expeditionary airfields, or austere forward operating sites and can readily and routinely transition between sea bases and expeditionary airfields without loss of capability. The ACE can vary in size and composition from an aviation detachment with specific capabilities to one or more MAWs.

The LCE is task organized to provide the full range of combat logistics functions and capabilities needed to support the continued readiness and sustainability of the MAGTF as a whole. It is formed around a combat logistics headquarters and may vary in size and composition from a support detachment to one or more MLG.

Describe a Special Purpose MAGTF (SP-MAGTF). A special-purpose MAGTF (SPMAGTF) is non-standing MAGTF temporarily formed to conduct a specific

mission. I t is normally formed when a standing MAGTF is either inappropriate or unavailable.

SPMAGTFs are organized, trained, and equipped to conduct a wide variety of missions ranging from crisis response, to regionally focused training exercises, to peacetime missions. Their SPMAGTF designation derives from the mission they’ re assigned, the location in which they will operate, or the name of the exercise in which they will participate (e.g., "SPMAGTF (X)," "SPMAGTF Somalia," "SPMAGTF UNITAS,""SPMAGTF Andrew," etc.).

Describe the four elements of Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU). The MEUs, embarked aboard Navy amphibious ready groups (ARGs), form ARG/MEUs. The ARG/MEUs provide

continuous, forward naval presence in key regions to conduct steady state security cooperation, military engagement, and deterrence, as well as immediate response to episodic crises and contingencies. The ARG/MEUs may also be called upon to execute a full range of military operations.

A MEU is commanded by a colonel.7 standing MEUs

11th, 13th, 15th – MARFORPAC – 1 MEF – rotation cycled 22d, 24th, 26th – MARFORCOM – II MEF - rotation cycled 31st MEU – MARFORPAC – III MEF----permanently forward deployed CE – A standing MEU GCE - An infantry battalion reinforced with artillery, recon and other detachments as required ACE - A reinforced helicopter squadron LCE – A task organized Combat Logistics Battalion (CLB)

Describe the four elements of Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB). MEB’s are task organized to respond to a full range of crises, from forcible entry to humanitarian

assistance. Normally commanded by a Brigadier General. Three MEB’s, one within each MEF. Deploys on 15 amphibious ships, 30 day sustainment. Capable of rapid deployment and employment via amphibious shipping, strategic airlift, marrying with

Maritime Prepositioned Force (MPF) assets, or any combination thereof. CE – Sourced from parent MEF, Deputy MEF Commander GCE - Infantry regiment ACE – MAG, capable of all six aviation functions LCE – Combat Logistics Regiment (CLR)

Describe the four elements of Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF). The MEF is the principal Marine Corps war fighting organization. It is the largest and most powerful MAGTF. Capable of missions across the range of military operations, through amphibious assault and sustained

operations ashore in any environment. Commanded by a LT General. Three standing MEFs. CE – MEF HQ Group (MHG) GCE – Marine Division reinforced ACE – Marine Aircraft Wing (MAW) LCE – MLG

State the mission and functions of the following:

Headquarters Marine Corps (HQMC) Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, consists of the Commandant of the Marine Corps and those staff agencies

that advise and assist the Commandant in discharging those responsibilities prescribed by law and higher authority. The internal organization of Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps is described in the Headquarters Marine Corps Organization Manual.

Marine Corps Combat Development Command (MCCDC) [ref. (a), p. 13-11] To develop Marine Corps war fighting concepts. To determine associate required capabilities in the areas

of Doctrine, Organization, training and education, Equipment, and support facilities to enable the Marine Corps to field combat-ready forces.

Marine Corps Systems Command (MARCORSYSCOM) [ref. (a), p. 13-11] To serve as the Commandant’s principal agent for equipping the Operating Forces to accomplish their war

fighting mission.Describe the mission and purpose of the Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF).

The Maritime Prepositioning Force (MPF) concept reflects brigade-sized unit deployment/MEF employment utilizing M ilitary Sealift Command (MSC) chartered ships to preposition necessary supplies and equipment.

Several MSC chartered ships of various capabilities deploy to form a single maritime prepositioning ships squadron (MPSRON). Equipment and supplies administratively embarked in each MPSRON are based on the T/E, individual materiel readiness lists, and/ or the tables of allowances for units assigned to the MPF's geographical responsibility.

Each MPSRON is designed to sustain one MEB for 30 days of combat operations. A unique characteristic of a MPF is that embarked equipment is maintained aboard ship and is combat ready

immediately upon offload. MAGTF fly-in echelon comprised of personnel and essential air transportable equipment deploy to an

airfield near a port or beach where ships of d1e MEPSRON can be offloaded. When maritime prepositioned equipment and supplies (MPE/S) are unloaded, they are issued to the arriving units and personnel of the MAGTF.

State the mission of your unit and relationship to the MAGTF. “Dependent upon where the person being boarded works”

Section 103Safety Fundamentals

Discuss the concept of Operational Risk Management (ORM). It increases our ability to make informed decisions. Minimizes risk to acceptable levels. Reduce mishaps, lower costs, and provide for more efficient use of resources.

Discuss the 5 steps of ORM: Identify Hazards - Begin with an outline or chart of the major steps in the operation (operational

analysis). Next, conduct Preliminary Hazard, Analysis by listing all of the hazards associated with each step in the operational analysis along with possible causes for those hazards.

Assessing Hazards - For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity.

Making risk decisions - First, develop risk control options. Start with the most serious risk first and select controls that will reduce the risk to a minimum consistent with mission accomplishment. With selected controls in place, decide if the benefit of the operation outweighs the risk. If risk outweighs benefit or if assistance is required to implement controls, communicate with higher authority in the chain of command.

Implementing controls - The following measures can be used to eliminate hazards or reduce the degree of risk.

Supervising - Conduct follow-up evaluations of the controls to ensure they remain in place and have the desired effect. Monitor for changes which may require further OL Take corrective action when necessary

What are three types of methods used in implementing control ? Administrative control Engineering control and Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Discuss the requirements for the provision and use of Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) and why it is necessary.

The use of PPE is the last recourse for a commander to protect personnel from identified hazards and to manage associated risk.

Issue, maintenance, and use of PPE are necessary for protecting Marine Corps personnel. Appropriate PPE shall be provided and used for emergencies such as hazardous materials spills (including biohazards), hazardous materials cleanup operations, ventilation malfunctions, emergency egress, and damage control activities.

Marine Corps installations, commands, units, departments, and non-appropriated fund activities will fund for provision and maintenance of PPE, including prescription safety glasses, for Marine Corps personnel.

Expenditure of funds for PPE is economical, since loss of time for the injured, compensation costs claims, and loss of materials and equipment are reduced.

Discuss the four general classes of fires and which types of extinguishers are used on each. CLASS A : Involve solid substances.Water is the usual means of extinguishing a Class A fire. CLASS B : Involves flammable liquids.C02 & purple"' powder (PKP) are effective.For large fires, aqueous

film-forming foam (AFFF) is the usual means of extinguishing. CLASS C : Ignite in electrical/electronic equipmentC02 is the preferred extinguishing agent. CLASS D : Involve combustible metals.High or Low- velocity fog at extreme range upwind of this type of

fire.Discuss the purpose of operational pauses.

Conduct operational pauses, e.g. BITS pauses, at least semiannually. Operational pauses and safety stand-downs are synonymous and provide a break from operations to conduct safety training, review procedures, and assess the command's safety posture. To facilitate the best use of time, operational pauses should be planned well in advance and integrated into training plans.

Discuss the purpose of the Naval Aviation Safety Program. The Naval Aviation Safety Program enhances operational readiness when it preserves the lives and enhances

the well-being of its members by protecting the equipment and material they need to accomplish their mission. The Naval Aviation Safety Program supports every aspect of naval aviation. Knowledge gained here may assist other safety efforts. The program may, therefore, yield benefits and preserve resources far beyond its intended scope.

State the purpose of the Laser Hazard Control Program. To prescribe Navy and Marine Corps policy and guidance in the identification and control of laser

radiation hazards. To prescribe Navy and Marine Corps policy and guidance in the identification and control of laser

radiation hazards. The provisions of this directive are mandatory for all Navy and Marine Corps activities. They apply to the design, use, and disposal of all equipment and systems capable of producing laser radiation, including laser fiber optics and system support equipment. Directed energy weapons that emit laser radiation and other high-energy laser systems are subject to the requirements of this directive.

Discuss the Marine Corps Hearing Conservation Program goal. The Marine Corps Hearing Conservation Program goal is to prevent Marine Corps personnel from suffering

occupational hearing loss due to noise exposure and ensure auditory fitness for duty in the Marine and civilian workforce. The ear has no mechanism to block out sound; it simply receives all the noise. If this noise is a high-intensity impulse (e.g., gunfire) or a loud continuous sound (e.g., jet) and it keeps striking the ear complex, eventually, hearing loss may occur. Because of its incremental and cumulative nature, occupational hearing loss may not be noticed until serious impairment has already taken place. If the noise-induced hearing loss is permanent, medical treatment cannot correct the condition or restore hearing. Noise-induced hearing loss can be prevented by reducing the amount of noise produced at the source, limiting the exposure time, or stopping the noise from reaching the ear.

State the purpose and conditions of safety stand-downs. Is a period, usually of 1 or 2 days, set aside for safety training, awareness, and drills Safety stand-

downs conducted at least once a year May be called any time.

Section 104Administrative Fundamentals

Discuss the following as they apply to your chain of command:

Operational Chain of Command The operational chain runs from the President, through the Secretary of Defense, directly to commanders

of combatant commands for missions and forces assigned to their commands.Service Chain of Command

The Service chain begins with the President, through the Secretary of Defense, and continues through the Secretary of the Navy and the Commandant of the Marine Corps.

Secretary of Defense Directly responsible to the President

Secretary of the Navy Directly responsible to the Secretary of Defense. SECNAV is responsible for the formulation and

implementation of policies and programs that are consistent with the national security policies and objectives established by the President and the Secretary of Defense.

Combatant Commands The Marine Corps component commander deals directly with the joint force commander (JFC) in matters

affecting assigned MARFOR. He commands, trains, equips, and sustains MARFOR.Commandant of the Marine Corps

The Commandant of the Marine Corps is directly responsible to the Secretary of the Navy for the administration, discipline, internal organization, training requirements, efficiency, and readiness of the Marine Corps; the operation of the Marine Corps materiel support system; and the total performance of the Marine Corps.

Marine Corps Forces The Marine Corps’ operating forces consist of: Marine Corps forces (MARFOR) Marine Corps security forces (MCSF) at naval installations Marine security guard detachments at embassies and consulates around the globe.

Marine Expeditionary Force III Marine Expeditionary Forces are provided by Commander, Marine Corps Forces, Pacific, to the Commander

in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command.

Discuss the concept of supporting and supported relationships. When a Marine unit is under the command of a senior Marine unit, the subordinate Marine unit is either

organic or attached. Support relationships are established when one element or unit of the MAGTF provides a required capability to another element. These relationships do not imply tactical missions or techniques of employment. Although the terms organic and attach apply consistently throughout the MAGTF, support relationships can differ in meaning. A support relationship is normally identified by the MAGTF commander when planning missions for MAGTF subordinate elements. The element making the main effort is designated as the supported element; other elements are designated as supporting. Each support relationship is designed by the MAGTF commander to fit the situation at hand.

Discuss the following terms and the MAGTF relationship. Combatant Command (COCOM)

The commanders of combatant commands exercise COCOM of assigned forces and are directly responsible to the National Command Authority (NCA) for the performance of assigned missions and the preparedness of their commands.

Administrative Control (ADCON) ADCON is defined as the direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations in

respect to administration and support, including organization of Service forces, control of resources and equipment, personnel management, unit logistics, individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization, demobilization, discipline, and other matters not included in the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations. (JP 1-02)

Operational Control (OPCON) OPCON is the authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing

and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. (JP 0-2)

Tactical Control (TACON) TACON is the command authority over assigned or attached forces or commands, or military capabilities or

forces made available for tasking that is limited to the detailed and usually local direction and control of movements or maneuvers necessary to accomplish assigned missions or tasks. (JP 0-2)

Direct Liaison Authorized (DIRLAUTH) DIRLAUTH is that authority granted by a commander (at any level) to a subordinate to directly consult or

coordinate an action with a command or agency within or outside of the granting command. (JP 1-02)Direct Support

The DS mission requires a supporting unit to furnish close and continuous support to a single supported unit. Units given a tactical mission of DS are not attached or under the command of the supported unit.

General Support The GS mission is the most centralized mission. For the purpose of discussion, the following applies to

LCE GS mission. A LCE unit that is in GS supports the MAGTF under the direction of the LCE commander. The supporting LCE commander retains full control over his subordinate units, including establishing the priority of their efforts.

Define the following and the MAGTF relationship:Joint Task Force (JTF)

A JTF is a joint force that is constituted and so designated by SecDef, a CCDR, a subordinate unified command commander, or an existing commander, joint task force (CJTF) to accomplish missions with specific, limited objectives and which do not require centralized control of logistics.

Combined Operations Multinational operations are operations conducted by forces of two or more nations usually undertaken

within the structure of a coalition or alliance. Other possible arrangements include supervision by an intergovernmental organization (IGO) such as the United Nations (UN), the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), or the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe.

Coalition Operations A force composed of military elements of nations that have formed a temporary alliance for common action

Discuss Defense Readiness Reporting System (DRRS) as it applies to your unit. This system measures and reports on the readiness of military forces and the supporting infrastructure to

meet missions and goals assigned by the Secretary of Defense. This Directive establishes a capabilities-based, adaptive, near real-time readiness reporting system for

the Department of Defense The goal of DRRS is to improve the efficiency of readiness reporting by merging previously unrelated

stovepipe data environments and the various reporting assessment metrics into one authoritative source: ESORTS (Enhanced Status of Resources and Training System). ESORTS establishes a common language of tasks, conditions, and standards to describe capabilities essential to the completion of every mission.

The goal of DRRS data is to provide timely, accurate information for planning, readiness and risk assessment purposes. Included in this data is the following:

Overall Mission Readiness / Individual Task Readiness Organizational / Hierarchical Personnel, Equipment, Training, Ordnance, and Supply Availability and Current Location (last reported)

SECTION 105AIR COMBAT ELEMENT (ACE) FUNDAMENTALS

Explain the purpose of Marine Corps Aviation. The primary mission of Marine Corps aviation is to participate as the air component of the MAGTF in the

seizure and defense of advance naval bases and to conduct such land operations as may be essential for the prosecution of a naval campaign.

A collateral mission is to participate as an integral component of naval aviation in the execution of such other Navy functions as the fleet commanders so direct.

Explain the six functions and sub-functions of Marine Corps Aviation. MAGTF aviation tasks are divided into six functional areas that guide the commander in planning

aviation allocation and employment. The six functions of Marine aviation are: 1. Offensive Air Support CAS, DAS2. Anti-Air Warfare

Offensive AAW Air defense Active Air defense Passive Air defense

3. Assault Support Combat assault transport Aerial delivery operations Aerial refueling Air evacuation TRAP Air logistical support Battle space illumination

4. Air Reconnaissance Visual Reconnaissance Multisensory Imagery Reconnaissance Electronic Reconnaissance

5. EW Electronic attack (EA) Electronic protection EW Support

6. Control of Aircraft and Missiles Air Direction Air Control

Offensive Air Support

OAS is “air operations conducted against enemy installations, facilities, and personnel to directly assist the attainment of MAGTF objectives by the destruction of enemy resources or the isolation of his military force.”

OAS includes the categories of close air support (CAS) and deep air support (DAS).CAS

CAS is “air action by fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets which are in close proximity to friendly forces and which require d etailed integration of each air mission with the fire and movement of those forces.”

DAS DAS is “air action against enemy targets at such a distance from friendly forces that detailed

integration of each mission with fire and movement of friendly forces is not required. Deep air support missions are flown on either side of the fire support coordination line; the lack of a requirement for close coordination with the fire and movement of friendly forces is the qualifying factor.” DAS missions include strike coordination, air interdiction, and armed reconnaissance.

Antiair Warfare AAW is “that action required to destroy or to reduce to an acceptable level the enemy air and missile

threat. It includes such measures as the use of interceptors, bombers, antiair-craft guns, surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles, electronic attack, and destruction of the air or missile threat both before and after it is launched. Other measures which are taken to minimize the effects of hostile air action are cover, concealment, dispersion, deception (including electronic), and mobility.” (Joint Pub 1-02) The primary purpose of AAW is to gain and maintain some degree of air superiority.

AAW includes both offensive and defensive means to accomplish its objective.O ffensive AAW

constitutes operations conducted against the enemy air or air defense system before it can be launched or assume an attacking role. Offensive AAW operations in or near the objective area consist mainly of air attacks to destroy or neutralize hostile aircraft, airfields, radars, air defense systems, and supporting areas. Offensive AAW includes theater missile defense (TMD) attack operations and suppression of enemy air defense operations.

Air Defense includes all defensive measures designed to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles in the earth’s

atmosphere or to nullify or reduce the effectiveness of such attack. There are two forms of air defense:

Active air defense is direct defensive action taken to destroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles or to nullify or reduce

the effectiveness of such an attack. Active air defense includes the use of aircraft, air defense weapons, supporting weapons (weapons not typically used in an air defense role), and EW.

Passive air defense constitutes all measures, other than active defense, taken to minimize the effects of hostile air action.

These include the use of cover, concealment, camouflage, deception, dispersion, electronic protection, and protective construction. Passive air defense is a command responsibility of every unit commander.

Assault Support Assault support is “the use of aircraft to provide tactical mobility and logistic support for the MAGTF,

the movement of high priority cargo and personnel within the immediate area of operations, in-flight refueling, and the evacuation of personnel and cargo.” (Fleet Marine Force manual (FMFM) 5-30, Assault Support).

The tasks of assault support fall within the following seven categories:Combat Assault

Combat Assault provides mobility and logistic support to the MAGTF. It can be used to rapidly deploy forces, bypass obstacles, or redeploy forces to meet the enemy threat, thus allowing for a rapid buildup of combat power at a specific time and location.

Aerial Delivery Operations Aerial deliver operations transport equipment and supplies to FOBs or remote areas either by landing at

the desired location or through air drop.Aerial Refueling

Aerial Refueling allows MAGTF aircraft to conduct flight-ferrying operations, extend time on station, and extend mission range. In addition, aerial refueling aids in the recovery of damaged or low-fuel aircraft by extending their time in the air, when required.

Air Evacuation Air evacuation provides transportation of personnel and equipment from FOBs or remote areas by using

transport helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft.Tactical Recovery of Air Craft and Personnel (TRAP )

TRAP facilitates the recovery of personnel and equipment while preventing additional loss. The TRAP mission is an implied task associated with all MAGTF operations. Specially briefed aircrews are assigned to perform TRAP missions. TRAP missions are conducted when the tactical situation prevents the use of traditional search and reserve techniques. TRAP is normally conducted only when survivors and their locations are confirmed.

Air Logistical Air logistical support operations are conducted by using fixed-wing aircraft to provide assault support

of MAGTF forces on the ground in much the same manner as helicopters. Air logistical support delivers troops, equipment, and supplies to areas beyond helicopter range and lift capability or when surface transportation is slow or unavailable.

Battlespace Illumination Battle space illumination can be provided by both fixed-and rotary-wing aircraft and is used to provide

light in the battle space area.Air Reconnaissance

Air reconnaissance is “the acquisition of intelligence information by employing visual observation and/or sensors in air vehicles.”

Visual Reconnaissance Any airborne platform may conduct visual aerial reconnaissance operations. An observer or pilot can

visually search a route, point, or area. Visual aerial reconnaissance is frequently related to offensive action such as artillery, naval surface fires (NSF), or air support.

Multisensor Imagery Reconnaissance Multisensor imagery reconnaissance includes photographic, side-looking airborne radar, and infrared

reconnaissance techniques. When the imagery is processed, it provides intelligence information to all interested commands.

Electronic Reconnaissance EW-configured aircraft provide the means to detect, identify, evaluate, and locate foreign

electromagnetic radiation that is emanating from other-than nuclear detonations or radioactive sources, thereby providing up-to-date electronic order of battle and technical intelligence.

Electronic Warfare (EW) EW is “any military action involving the use of electromagnetic and directed energy to control the

electromagnetic spectrum or to attack the enemy.” (Joint Pub 1-02) The three major subdivisions of EW are electronic attack (EA), electronic protection, and EW sup- port:

Electronic Attack (EA) EA is “that division of electronic warfare involving the use of electromagnetic, directed energy, or

antiradiation weapons to attack personnel, facilities, or equipment with the intent of degrading, neutralizing, or destroying enemy combat capability.” (Joint Pub 1-02)

Electronic Protection Electronic Protection involves “actions taken to protect personnel, facilities, and equipment from any

effects of friendly or enemy employment of electronic warfare that degrade, neutralize, or destroy friendly combat capability.”

Electronic Warfare Electronic Warfare support involves “actions tasked by, or under direct control of, an operational

commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of intentional and unintentional radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition.” (Joint Pub 1-02)

Control of Aircraft and Missiles The control of aircraft and missiles involves the coordinated employment of facilities, equipment,

communications, procedures, and personnel that allows the ACE commander to plan, direct, and control the efforts of the ACE to support accomplishment of the MAGTF’s mission.

Air Direction Air direction is the authority to regulate the employment of air resources (including both aircraft and

surface-to-air weapons) to maintain a balance between their availability and the priorities assigned for their use. The purpose of air direction is to achieve a balance between the MAGTF’s finite aviation resources and the accomplishment of the ACE’s mission.

Air Control Air control is the authority to direct the physical maneuver of aircraft in flight or to direct an

aircraft or surface-to-air weapons unit to engage a specific target. Air control includes airspace management and airspace control.

Explain the composition, mission, and purpose of a Marine Aircraft Wing (MAW).Organizationally

Marine aviation is divided into three active duty MAWs and one Reserve MAW. Each MAW has a unique organizational structure. The MAW provides the personnel and equipment for the MAGTF ACE.

Operationally The ACE task organizes with various resources from the MAW that are necessary to complete the ACE’s

assigned mission. Typically, the ACE supports a MEF with one or more MAWs. Support to the MEF may include assets from more than one MAW that are task organized to form a MAW

(reinforced). MAWs include Marine aircraft, air control, and wing support groups. Each group includes the squadrons

and/or battalions that are necessary to complete the groups’ roles in Marine aviation. MAWs and groups are not organized according to tables of organization (T/Os), but rather are task

organized to accomplish the missions assigned. Each of the four wings may have a different organization; however, each wing is capable of performing all

six functions of Marine aviation.What is the function, mission and composition of a Marine Aircraft Group (MAG)?

The MAG is the smallest aviation unit that is designed to conduct operations with no outside assistance except access to a source of supply.

MAGs normally contain either fixed-wing or rotary-wing aircraft in order to streamline logistic support requirements

MAGs can be task-organized to include any combination of fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft, as well as other supporting units.

A MAG can also be task-organized into an ACE for a particular mission in order to provide one or more aviation functions to a MAGTF.

The primary mission of a MAG VF/VA is to conduct AAW and OAS operations from advance bases, FOBs, and aircraft carriers.

Marine Aviation Logistics Squadron (MALS)

The MALS provides aviation-logistic support, guidance, and direction to MAG squadrons on behalf of the commanding officer, as well as logistic support for Navy funded equipment in the supporting MWSS, MACS, and Marine wing mobile calibration complex

Provide intermediate-level maintenance for aircraft Provide aviation supply support Provide class V (A) ammunition logistic support Coordinate the Marine aviation logistic support program (MALSP) Screen and inspect non-serviceable aeronautical material Conduct training to qualify organic and supported squadron personnel for performing assigned missions and

tasks Provide data processing support to aviation supply

Marine Aerial Refueler Transport Squadron (VMGR) The VMGR provides aerial refueling service in support of Fleet Marine Force (FMF) air operations and

provides assault air transport of personnel, equipment, and supplies Provide tactical aerial refueling service Provide long-range aerial refueling service Provide assault air transport for air-landed and air-delivered troops, supplies, and equipment Provide an aircraft platform for the airborne DASC Provide ground refueling service Provide air transport service for the evacuation of casualties and noncombatants Within the capability of assigned aircraft and equipment, maintain the capability to operate with or

without the assistance of airborne, surface, or ground controllers

Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare Squadron (VMR) The VMAQ conducts airborne EW in support of FMF operations Conduct air borne EA and EW support operations Conduct EA in support of training Process and provide mission data for updating and maintaining an electronic order of battle Maintain the capability of operating from aircraft carriers, advance bases, and expeditionary airfields Maintain capability to operate during darkness and under all weather conditions Maintain the capability to deploy or conduct extended-range operations that require aerial refueling Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft

Marine Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Squadron (VMU) The VMU operates and maintains a UAV system to provide unmanned aerial reconnaissance support to the

MAGTF Conduct reconnaissance, surveillance, and target acquisition (RSTA) Provide real-time target information to the DASC and fire support coordination center (FSCC) Provide information to assist adjusting indirect- fire weapons Collect battle damage assessments (BDAs) Support rear area security Provide remote receive capability and liaison to designated units Conduct training to prepare for tactical employment and combat operations

Marine Fighter/Attack Squadron (VMFA) The VMFA intercepts and destroys enemy aircraft under all weather conditions and attacks and destroys

surface targets Intercept and destroy enemy aircraft under all weather conditions Maintain the capability to attack and destroy surface targets Provide escort of friendly aircraft under all weather conditions. Maintain the capability to deploy and operate from aircraft carriers and advance bases. Conduct day and night CAS under adverse weather conditions. Maintain the capability to deploy or conduct extended-range operations by using aerial re-fueling Maintain the capability to conduct suppression of enemy air defense (SEAD) operations Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft

Marine All Weather Fighter/Attack Squadron (VMFA/AW) The VMFA (AW) intercepts and destroys enemy aircraft and surface targets, day or night, under adverse

weather conditions Conduct day and night CAS, under all weather conditions. Conduct day and night DAS, under adverse weather conditions Conduct multisensory imagery reconnaissance Conduct day and night supporting arms coordination Intercept and destroy enemy aircraft Conduct battle space illumination and target illumination. Conduct armed escort of friendly aircraft Operate from aircraft carriers and expeditionary air- fields Conduct extended-range operations by using aerial re-fueling. Maintain the capability to conduct SEAD operations Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft

Marine Attack Squadron (VMA) The VMA attacks and destroys surface targets under day and night visual meteorological conditions and

provides helicopter escort. Conduct CAS. Conduct armed reconnaissance, air interdiction, and strikes against enemy installations by using all

types of conventional munitions that are compatible with assigned aircraft. Conduct air defense operations within the capability of assigned aircraft. Maintain the capability to operate during darkness and under instrument conditions. Maintain the capability of deployment or extended operations by employing aerial re- fueling.

Maintain the capability to operate from aboard carriers, other suitable seagoing platforms, expeditionary airfields, and remote tactical landing sites.

Conduct armed-escort missions in support of helicopter operations Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft

Marine Medium Tilt-Rotor Squadron (VMM) The VMM provides assault transport of combat troops in the initial assault waves and follow-on stages of

amphibious operations and subsequent operations ashore. Provide combat assault troop transport as a primary function Provide combat assault transport of supplies and equipment as a secondary function. Conduct assault support for evacuation operations and other maritime special operations. Provide support for mobile FARPs. Provide airborne control and coordination for assault support operations. Maintain a self-defense capability from ground-to-air and air-to-air threats. Maintain the capability to operate from amphibious shipping, other floating bases, and austere shore

bases. Maintain the capability to operate at night, in adverse weather conditions, and under instrument flight

conditions at extended ranges. Augment local SAR assets and provide aero medical evacuation of causalities from the field to suitable

medical facilities or other aero medical aircraft. Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft in all environmental conditions.

Marine Heavy Helicopter Squadron (HMH) The HMH provides assault helicopter transport of heavy weapons, equipment, and supplies during amphibious

operations and subsequent operations ashore. Provide combat assault transport of heavy weapons, equipment, and supplies as a primary function. Provide combat assault transport of troops (exclusive of initial assault wave infantry) as a secondary

function. Conduct tactical retrieval and recovery operations for downed aircraft, equipment, and personnel. Conduct assault support for evacuation operations and other maritime special operations. Provide support for mobile forward arming and refueling points (FARPs). Augment local SAR and provide aeromedical evacuation of casualties from the field to suitable medical

facilities or other aeromedical aircraft. Provide airborne control and coordination for assault support operations. Maintain a self-defense capability from ground-to-air and air-to-air threats. Maintain the capability to operate from amphibious shipping, other floating bases, and austere shore

bases, as required. Maintain the capability to operate at night, in adverse weather conditions, and under instrument flight

conditions at extended ranges. Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft in all environmental conditions.

Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron (HMM) The HMM provides assault transport of combat troops in the initial and follow-on stages of amphibious

operations Provide combat assault troop transport as a primary function Provide combat assault transport of supplies and equipment as a secondary function Conduct assault support for evacuation Provide support for mobile FARPs Provide airborne control for assault support operations Maintain a self-defense capability. Maintain capability to operate from amphibious shipping. Maintain the capability to operate at night, in adverse weather. Augment local SAR assets Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft in all environmental conditions

Marine Light Attack Helicopter Squadron (HMLA) The HMLA provides combat utility helicopter support, attack helicopter fire support, and fire support

coordination during amphibious operations and subsequent operations ashoreUtility Helicopter Tasks

Provide an airborne command and control platform for CEs. Provide armed escort for assault support operations. Provide combat assault transport of troops, supplies, and equipment. Provide airborne control for assault support operations. Augment local SAR assets Conduct combat assault and assault support for evacuation. Provide terminal guidance for supporting am1s Provide fire support and security for forward and rear area forces. Maintain a self-defense capability

Attack Helicopter Tasks Provide fire support and security for forward and rear area forces Conduct point target/anti-armor operations. Conduct anti-helicopter operations. Provide armed escort for assault support operations. Provide terminal ordnance for supporting arms Provide point and limited-area air defense from fixed-wing aircraft. Conduct armed and visual reconnaissance. Augment local SAR assets. Operate from amphibious shipping, other floating bases, and austere shore bases as required. Operate at night, in adverse weather conditions, and under instrument flight conditions at extended

ranges.

Perform organizational maintenance on assigned aircraft in all environmental conditions Explain the Marine Air Command and Control System (MACCS). [ref. (a) pp. 4-7 - 4-12] The MACCS consists of various air command and control agencies that provide the ACE commander with the

ability to monitor, supervise, and influence the application of Marine aviation’s six functions. The ACE commander uses the MACCS to plan and direct ACE operations and to employ aviation assets in a

responsive, timely, and effective manner. The MACCS provides facilities to control aircraft and missiles as well as to establish links with joint,

multinational, other Services, and civil air command and control systems. Another function of the MACCS is to advise the MAGTF commander and JFC on the application and employment

of Marine aviation. The design of the MACCS allows the ACE commander to conduct centralized planning and optimize the use of

limited resources. At the same time, the MACCS allows the subordinate commanders of the ACE to execute the plan in a

decentralized manner. The MACCS provides the capability to conduct airspace command and control and deconflict aviation assets

through centralized planning of airspace control procedures. It exercises air direction and decentralized execution of the airspace control plan through its

subordinate agencies.What is the function, mission and composition of a Marine Air Control Group (MACG):

MACG headquarters coordinates all aspects of air command and control and air defense within the MAW. It provides the command and staff functions for the MACG commander when deployed as part of the MAGTF ACE.

Tasks Provide the CE of the MACG or MACG detachment for the MAGTF ACE. Plan and coordinate the operations, maintenance, and supply of the MACCS. Plan and coordinate the air defense operations of the MAGTF Coordinate with appropriate commands to plan for the deployment and employment of the MACG and its

separately deployable detachments as the MACCS of an ACE. Coordinate with other U.S. Services and allies for planning and conducting MAGTF air operations in joint

and multinational force operations. Advise the ACE commander on applicable matters pertaining to the employment of agencies comprising the

MACCS. Perform command and staff functions associated with fulfilling the MACG’s mission. Conduct operations while in a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) and/or EW environment. Maintain the capability for deploying independent units. Coordinates all aspects of air command and control and air defense within the MAW.

Marine Tactical Air Command Squadron (MTACS) [pp. 3-10 thru 3-14] The MTACS provides equipment, maintenance, and operations for the TACC of the ACE as a component of the

MAGTF Tasks Provides the operational command post (CP) for the ACE Assist in coordinating air operations Assist in planning air operations Maintains capability to accomplish TACC functions Conducts operations in an NBC and/or EW environment Coordinates with other U.S. Services and allies for the conduct of MAGTF air operations in joint and

multinational force operations Performs command and staff functions associated with fulfilling the MTACS Concept of Organization The MTACS is organic to the MACG of the MAW.

Marine Wing Headquarters Squadron (MWHS). The MWHS provides command, administrative, and supply support for a MAW headquarters and certain elements

of the MACG. Tasks Provide camp facilities and services, including food service, for elements of the Marine wing

headquarters and for the Marine tactical air command squadron (MTACS) and Marine wing communications squadron (MWCS) of the MACG.

Maintain the capability of deploying as an integral unit when augmented with maintenance support personnel.

Provide detachments for supported units as required Provide for internal security of the MAW headquarters Concept of Organization This organization will normally function as an integral unit. It is structured to operate as a

subordinate unit of the MAW to support the units mentioned above.Marine Air Control Squadron (MACS)

The MACS provides air surveillance and control of aircraft and surface-to-air weapons for AAW; continuous all-weather radar and non-radar ATC services and airspace management in support of a MAGTF.

Tasks Perform command and staff functions associated with fulfilling the MACS mission. Coordinate with appropriate commands to plan for the deployment and employment of the squadron and its

separately deployable detachments. Provide deployable detachments that are capable of air surveillance, airspace management, and control of

aircraft and SAMs for AAW in support of the MAGTF. Provide deployable detachments that are capable of providing ATC services at existing or expeditionary

airfields and remote area landing sites.

When reinforced with a TMD detachment, provide SAM fires in assigned zones in defense of vital areas and installations therein against theater missile attack, and be prepared to engage surviving fixed-wing aircraft and helicopter threats.

Serve as the operational point of contact between the MACCS and national/international ATC agencies. Concept of Organization The MACS is comprised of a squadron headquarters, a TAOC detachment, and two ATC detachments. One MACS

organization includes four TMDMarine Wing communications Squadron (MWCS)

The MWCS provides expeditionary communications for the ACE of a MEF, including the phased deployment of task-organized elements thereof.

Tasks Provide for the effective command of subordinate detachments. Assist in the systems planning and engineering of ACE communications. Install, operate, and maintain

expeditionary communications for command and control of the MEF ACE. Provide operational systems control centers, as required, to coordinate communication functions

internally and externally to the ACE. Provide calibration and repair facilities for all ground-common test measurement diagnostic equipment

(TMDE) in the MAW. Provide the digital backbone communications support for the ACE CE, FOBs, and MACCS agencies for up to

two airfields per detachment. Provide tactical automated switching and telephone services for the ACE CE and the TACC. Provide electronic message distribution for the ACE CE, primary MACCS agencies, and tenant units. Provide external single-channel radio and radio retransmission communications support for ACE operations

as required. Provide deployed wide area network (WAN) and deployed local area network (LAN) server support for the ACE

CE and primary MACCS agencies. Provide the support cryptographic site for all ground-common and MACCS-assigned communications security

equipment within the ACE. Plan and coordinate individual and unit training as required to qualify subordinate detachments for

tactical deployment and combat operations. Provide maintenance support for ground-common communications equipment in the MAW. Concept of Organization The MWCS consists of a headquarters element and one or two MWCS detachments.

Marine Air Support Squadron (MASS) The MASS provides DASC capabilities for control and coordination of fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft

operating in direct support of MAGTF forces. Tasks Provide operational planning for MAGTF air support operations. Receive, coordinate, and process immediate requests for direct air support. Provide equipment, facilities, and personnel for the operation of air support elements. Conduct air support control as required to meet MAGTF operational requirements. Maintain the ability to provide continuous control of direct air support while displacing by echelon. Provide personnel and facilities for the simultaneous operation of the DASC and DASC (airborne). Concept of Organization The MASS is organic to the MACG. When supporting the MAGTF, the MASS is task organized as part of the

ACE.Low Altitude Air Defense (LAAD) Battalion

The LAAD battalion provides close-in, low-altitude, surface-to-air weapons fires in defense of MAGTF assets defending forward combat areas, maneuver forces, vital areas, installations, and/or units engaged in special/independent operations.

Tasks Provide for the effective command, administrative, communications, supply, and logistic support of

subordinate batteries. Maintain a primary capability as a highly mobile, vehicle-mounted, and man-portable surface-to-air

weapons component of the MAGTF with the ability to rapidly deploy in the assault echelon of an expeditionary operation.

Provide surface-to-air weapons support for units engaged in special/independent operations. Provide for the separate deployment of subordinate batteries and platoons to accommodate special tactical

situations and task organizations. Plan and coordinate requirements for liaison and combinations with appropriate commands to ensure the

most effective integration of LAAD units within the integrated air defense system. Provide early warning of hostile air threats to other elements of the air defense system. Concept of Organization The LAAD battalion is comprised of a battalion headquarters, a headquarters and service (H&S) battery,

and two firing batteries. The H&S battery has been divided into an H&S battery (-) and an H&S battery detachment. This organization facilitates the logistical support of separately deployed firing batteries.

What is the function of a Marine Wing Support Squadron (MWSS)? Typically, the ACE supports a MEF with one or more MAWs. Support to the MEF may include assets from more

than one MAW that are task organized to form a MAW (reinforced).What is the Aviation Combat Element (ACE) of a Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF) and how does it relate to the support/supporting concept of operations?

Typically, the ACE supports a MEF with one or more MAWs. Support to the MEF may include assets from more than one MAW that are task organized to form a MAW

(reinforced).What is the ACE of a Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)?

The ACE normally supports an SPMAGTF with a task-organized group that consists of a mix of rotary-wing aircraft, short take-off and landing aircraft, a MACG detachment, a fixed-wing MALS detachment, and a rotary-wing MALS detachment.

Actual squadron composition will depend on mission requirements.What is the ACE of a Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)?

The MEU ACE generally consists of a medium lift helicopter squadron reinforced with several heavy-lift helicopters and AV-8B attack aircraft.

Discuss the three levels of aviation maintenance. Maintenance tasks are divided into the number of levels required so common standards can be applied to

the many and varied aircraft maintenance activities of the military establishment. They are increments of which all maintenance activities are composed.

JOINT PUB-1-02 defines the three levels as depot, intermediate, and organizational.Organizational

Maintenance which is the responsibility of, and performed by, a using organization on its assigned equipment. Its phases normally consist of inspecting , servicing , lubricating , adjusting , and replacing parts , minor assemblies , and subassemblies .

INTERMEDIATE -LEVEL MAINTENANCE Maintenance which is the responsibility of, and performed by, designated maintenance activities for

direct support of using organizations. Its phases normally consist of calibration, repair or replacement of damaged or unserviceable parts , components , or assemblie s ; the emergency manufacture of nonavailable parts; and the provision of technical assistance to using organizations.

DEPOT -LEVEL MAINTENANCE Maintenance done on material requiring major rework or a complete rebuild of parts, assemblies,

subassemblies, and end items, including manufacture, modification, testing, and reclamation of parts as required. D-level maintenance serves to support lower levels of maintenance by providing technical assistance and performing maintenance beyond the responsibility of O-level and I-level maintenance. D-level maintenance provides stocks of serviceable equipment by using more extensive facilities for repair than are available in lower level maintenance activities.

Discuss the characteristics and employment of the following Marine aircraft:UH-1

The UH-1N is a twin-engine, two-seat, single-piloted, single-rotor, utility helicopter. HML/A squadrons use the UH-1N.

The mission of the UH-1N is to provide utility support for the MAGTF. It can transport a maximum of 13 passengers or provide airborne command and control using the ASC-26 communication package. The aircraft can aid local search and rescue assets and provide aero medical evacuation of casualties. The UH-1N can carry two 7.62mm GAU-17 or M-60 machine guns and a defensive armament system. This system allows the UH-1N to use 2.75- inch rockets, crew-served .50 caliber machine guns, and fixed forward and crew-served 7.62mm machine guns.

CH-46 (Note: CH-46 aircraft are being phased out and will no longer exist in the active inventory by 2015 ) The CH-46E “Sea Knight helicopter” is a dual-piloted, twin-engine, tandom rotor assault support

helicopter. Marine medium helicopter squadrons (HMMs) use the CH-46E. The primary mission of the CH-46E is to provide assault transport of troops. The cabin section has

provisions for 25 personnel. Normal configuration is for 15 combat-loaded troops. The CH-46 can transport supplies and equipment (internally and externally) and provide medical evacuation for 15 litter patients. The CH-46 can mount two 7.62 M-60 machine guns or two .50 caliber XM-218 machine guns for self-protection.

The CH-64E has the following features: Crash attenuating pilot seats Exhaust infrared suppressors Crashworthy fuel system

CH-53 CH53D (Sea Stallion)

Dual piloted, twin-engine, single-rotor assault support helicopter. Marine heavy helicopter squadron (HMHs) uses the CH-53.

The primary mission of the CH-53 is to provide helicopter transport of supplies and equipment. The cabin contains cargo winches, roller conveyors, and tie down fittings. The external cargo hook allows

the movement of large or out-sized cargo. The Ch-53 can also transport up to 55 personnel. Normal configuration is 30 combat-loaded troops. The aircraft can carry 24 litters during medical evacuation operations. The CH-53D can mount two 7.62 M-60 machine guns or two .50 XM- 218 machine guns for self-protection.

CH-53E Is a growth variant of the CH-53D. It is a dual-piloted, single-rotor helicopter with three engines.

The CH- 53E is the free world’s largest helicopter and can transport up to 16 tons over a mission radius of 50 nautical miles. The CH-53E can lift 93 percent of the Marine division’s equipment. While doubling the lift of the CH-53D, the CH-53E requires only 10 percent more deck space than a CH-53D with tip tanks.

Mission features include: Utility hoist Dual hook external capacity External auxiliary fuel tanks In-flight refueling Machine gun armament

EA-6 The EA-6B is a four-place (one pilot and three electronic countermeasures officers), twin-engine,

subsonic electronic warfare aircraft. Marine Tactical Electronic Warfare squadrons (VMAQ) us the EA-6B. The EA-6B supports the MAGTF by suppressing enemy electronic activity and by gaining tactical electronic

intelligence. The aircraft can carry up to five integrally powered pods for jamming early warning, acquisition, and fire control radars. The aircraft detects, analyzes, and records signals for post mission evaluation.

F/A-18 “Hornet” The F/A-18 is a single-place, twin-engine, strike fighter. The F/A-18 began to replace the F-4 in 1983. The F/A-18 can intercept enemy aircraft and perform ground attack. It has an internal 20mm M-61 gun and

can carry over 17,000 pounds of ordnance. The F/A-18D is the two-seat variant of the F/A-18. VMFA (AW) uses the F/A-18D. A FLIR system, NVG

compatible co*ckpit lighting, and digital moving map display enable the F/A-18D aircraft to perform ground attacks at night under the weather. Some F/A-18D aircraft carry the advanced tactical airborne reconnaissance system (ATARS).

AV-8 “Harrier” The AV-8B is a single-seat, transonic, vectored-thrust, light attack aircraft. Marine attack squadron (VMAs) us the AV-8B. The AV-8B has GAU-12 25mm bun system and can carry up to 9,200 pounds of external ordnance. Its V/STOL capability provides increased responsiveness to MAGTF commander’s OAS requirements through

basing flexibility and high sortie rates. The angle rates bombing system (ARBS) allows accurate first pass attacks and high kill probability using laser spot or TV tracking. The aircraft has an inertial navigation system. Its forward looking infrared (FLIR) system, night vision goggle NVG compatible co*ckpit t lighting, and moving map display allow ground attacks at night under the weather.

MV-22 “Osprey” Primary function : Amphibious assault transport of troops, equipment and supplies from assault ships and

land bases. Manufacturer: Bell Boeing Description : The V-22 Osprey is a multi-engine, dual-piloted, self deployable, medium lift; vertical

takeoff and landing (VTOL) tilt rotor aircraft designed for combat, combat support, combat service support, and Special Operations missions worldwide. It will replace the Corps' aged fleet of CH-46E and CH-53D medium lift helicopters.

C-130 The KC-130 is a four-engine, turboprop, aerial refueler and assault transport aircraft. Marine aerial

refueler transport squadrons (VMGRs) use the KC-130. The KC-130 provides the MAGTF commander a self-deployable, multi-mission aircraft. The KC-130 can aerial

refuel aircraft equipped with refueling probes, and they can ground refuel helicopters and AV-8s at austere landing sites.

Additional tasks include aerial delivery of troops and cargo, and operation of airborne direct air support center.

As a tactical transport, the KC- 130 can carry 92 troops, 64 paratroops, 74 litters, or 35,000 pounds of cargo.

AH-1 “Super Cobra” The AH-1W is a two-place, tandem-seat, twin-engine helicopter capable of land- or sea-based operations. The AH-1W provides fire support and fire support coordination to the landing force during amphibious

assaults and subsequent operations ashore. The AH-1W distinguished itself with its more powerful T700-GE-401 fully maximized engines and advanced

electronic weapons capability. The AH-1W can fire TOW, Hellfire, and Sidewinder missiles and can be outfitted with Zuni rocket

launchers. The AH-1W is currently being outfitted with a Night Targeting System/Forward Looking Infrared Radar that provides laser range finding/designating and camera capabilities.

UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)The USMC currently is using two UAVs. Pioneer

The 1st is the Pioneer which was procured starting in 1985 as an interim UAV capability to provide imagery intelligence (IMINT) for tactical commanders on land and at sea.

In ten years, Pioneer has flown nearly 14,000 flight hours and supported every major U.S. contingency operation to date.

It flew 300+ combat reconnaissance missions during Persian Gulf operations in 1990-91. Since September 1994, it has flown in contingency operations over Bosnia, Haiti and Somalia; most

recently it flew in Task Force Eagle and IFOR operations again over Bosnia.

Scan Eagle The 2nd is the Scan Eagle is a small, autonomous remote-control airplane with a stabilized camera. It

generally flies itself, but we have operators to tell it where to go. The Scan Eagle’s long-endurance capabilities and small size make it the ideal plane for aerial surveillance. It is one of the smallest UAVs to have a stabilized video camera in it. With the engine it has, it can stay in the air, orbiting a certain point for up to 15 plus hours. The small size makes it stealthy. The Scan Eagle is launched by “Insitu's” patented "SuperWedge" launcher, which is a pneumatic wedge catapult system. Then a 50-foot-high pole called the "Skyhook" retrieves it. Using the (global positioning system) antenna, the aircraft comes in and finds the rope on the 'Skyhook' itself.

SECTION 106GROUND COMBAT ELEMENT (GCE) FUNDAMENTALS

Explain the purpose and employment of a Marine Division (MARDIV). The mission of the Marine division is to execute amphibious assault operations and such other operations

as may be directed. The Marine division must be able to provide the ground amphibious forcible-entry capability to an

amphibious task force (ATF) and conduct subsequent land operations in any operational environment. The division commander fights by using combined-arms tactics and tailors the force to the demands of each

mission. The Marine division is employed as the GCE of the MEF or may provide task-organized forces for smaller

MAGTFsName the types of regiments and battalions in a Marine division.

3 (THREE) Infantry Regiments Tank Battalion Assault Amphibian Battalion Combat Engineer Battalion Artillery Regiment Headquarters Battalion Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion

What is the Ground Combat Element (GCE)of:Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)? 1 infantry battalion(3 Infantry Companies) reinforced with: Weapons Company

Artillery battery Reconnaissance platoon Combat engineer platoon Light armored reconnaissance platoon Tank battalion Assault amphibian platoon TOW section Tank Platoon (when required) SFCP Scout Sniper platoon

Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)? 1 infantry regiment (3 infantry battalions) reinforced with: Tank Battalion (-) Light Armored Reconnaissance Company Assault Amphibian Company 3 Artillery Battery’s 1 EFSS Battery 1 HMMARS Battery 2 Combat Engineer Platoon

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)?A Marine Division

State the mission and function of the following components: Infantry regiment - The primary mission of the infantry regiment is to locate, close with, and destroy

the enemy by fire and maneuver or to repel his assault by fire and close combat. The infantry regiment is the major element of close combat power of the Marine division. The regiment, with appropriate attachments, is capable of independent, sustained operations

Artillery regiment - The mission of artillery in the Marine division is to furnish close and continuous fire support by neutralizing, destroying, or suppressing targets that threaten the success of the supported unit. The artillery regiment is the primary source of fire support for the Marine division. Its operations and actions are closely integrated with those of the infantry to be responsive to rapidly changing tactical situations. The artillery regiment provides a fire support coordination section to assist in establishing and operating an FSCC at the division COC

Tank battalion - The mission of the tank battalion is to close with and destroy the enemy by using am1or protected firepower, shock effect, and maneuver and to provide anti-mechanized fire in support of the Marine division. The battalion is best employed as a maneuver force without detaching units. However, the division commander may task organize forces of tanks, mechanized infantry, and other division resources based on mission, enemy, terrain and weather, troops and support available-time available (METT-T) that require cross attachment of tank battalion and infantry regiment assets. Employment of the tank battalion must take advantage of the speed, mobility, and firepower of the organization

Headquarters battalion - The primary mission of the headquarters battalion is to exercise command, control, and administration of the Marine division. It contains an H&S company, a division headquarters with an H&S company, a reconnaissance company, a special security communications tean1, a communications company, a military police (MP) company, the division band, and a truck company

Assault amphibian battalion - The mission of the assault amphibian battalion is to land the surface assault elements of the landing force and their equipment in a single lift from assault shipping during an1phibious operations to inland objectives and to conduct mechanized operations and related combat support in subsequent operations ashore. The battalion and its subordinate units are assigned to or in support of a MAGTF to provide ship-to-shore lift capability during the amphibious assault. During operations ashore, the battalion elements provide mobility equal to that of tanks to the assaulting elements of the MAGTF. AAVs are primarily used to transport personnel in tactical operations. If assets permit, they may be used as cargo carriers forward of the forward edge of the battle area (FEBA)

Light armored reconnaissance battalion - The mission of the LAR battalion is to conduct reconnaissance, security, and economy -of-force operations and, within capabilities, conduct limited offensive or delaying operations that exploit the unit's mobility and firepower. The LAR battalion and its subordinate companies are capable of being employed separately or as part of a GCE. Speed and firepower, combined with maneuver, are used to exploit the offense in all types of combat operations. The LAR battalion assets emphasize the mobility and firepower that are characteristic of light armored vehicles (LAVs)

Combat engineer battalion - The mission of the combat engineer battalion is to enhance the mobility, counter mobility, and survivability of the Marine division through close combat engineer support and to provide the limited general engineering support that is required for the functioning of the Marine division. The combat engineer battalion provides close combat support and limited general engineer support for the division through task-organized combat engineer elements for GCE units. Operation of those elements supporting forward units is generally decentralized. Engineer support requirements to the rear of forward elements ·will be performed under centralized engineer battalion control. The engineer support company provides augmentation in the form of personnel and specialized engineering equipment to the combat engineer companies

Reconnaissance battalion - The mission of the Reconnaissance battalion is to conduct amphibious reconnaissance, ground reconnaissance, surveillance, Battle space shaping and limited scale raid in support of the Marine Division and its subordinate elements

State the purpose, employment, and characteristics of the following: Amphibious Assault Vehicle (AAV ) - The amphibious assault vehicle (AAV) is employed to conduct mechanized

(mech) operations and related combat support in subsequent operations ashore. Official designation AAV-7A1 (formerly known as LVT-7) is the current amphibious troop transport of the United States Marine Corps and is also operated by other forces

Light Armored Vehicle (LAV) - Light armored vehicles are strategically deployed by either airlift or sealift. LAR provides a very capable force that is mobile across the levels of war The LAV-25 (Scout) is a lightly armored, eight-wheeled, amphibious vehicle. It is equipped with a stabilized 25mm cannon, a pintle-mounted 7.62mm machine gun, and a coaxially mounted 7.62mm machine gun capable of engaging mechanized targets and personnel. Manned and operated by a driver, a gunner, and a vehicle commander is capable of carrying four infantry scouts in the rear

M1A1 tank - The M1A1 combat (main battle tank uses high speed, maneuverability, and a variety of weapons to attack and destroy enemy tanks, equipment, and forces. The tank provides protection from enemy weapons. Mission is to close with and destroy the enemy by using armor-protected firepower, “shock effect”, and maneuver and to provide anti-mechanized fire in support of the Marine division.

The tank is equipped with: Laser rangefinder Thermal Imaging System (TIS) Main gun, M256 120mm Coaxial machinegun, M240 7.62mm Commander's Machinegun, M2 .50 cal Grenade Launcher M250 Engine: Turbine engine

Discuss the principles of Fire Support Coordination (FSC). Fire support is fires that directly support land, maritime, amphibious, and special operations forces to

engage enemy forces, combat formations, and facilities in pursuit of tactical and operational objectives Fire support coordination is the planning and executing of fires so that targets are adequately covered

by a suitable weapon or group of weapons Discuss the role of the Fire Direction Center (FDC). [ref. (e), pp. 2-10 thru 2-11 and 6-5 thru 6-6] The FDC is organized to meet the requirements and conditions existing at the artillery headquarters.

Section 107LOGISTICS COMBAT ELEMENT (LCE) FUNDAMENTALS

Explain the mission of the Marine Logistics Group (MLG). The MLG (formally known as FSSG) provides general and direct support and sustained combat logistics above

the organic capabilities of supported elements. Sustains the MAGTF in the functional areas of combat logistics during deployment and employment of the MEF and smaller, geographically separated MAGTFs in all levels of conflict.

Explain how an MLG is employed. supply - Provide centralized ground supply support, beyond supported units’ organic capabilities, for the

sustainment of the MEF, including procurement, storage, care in storage, distribution, salvage, disposal, and bulk fuel and water supply support.

maintenance - Provide authorized overflow organizational (2d echelon) and intermediate (3d and 4th echelon) maintenance support, beyond supported units’ organic capabilities, for Marine Corps-furnished ground equipment of the MEF, including inspection, classification, servicing, adjustment, tuning, testing, calibration, repair, modification, rebuilding overhaul, reclamation, recovery assistance, and evacuation.

transportation - Coordinate transportation and throughput support, beyond supported units’ organic capabilities, for the deployment and employment of the MEF, including embarkation, landing support, port and terminal operations, motor transport, air delivery, and freight/passenger transportation support.

general engineering - Provide general engineering support to the MEF, including engineering reconnaissance; horizontal construction of roads, combat logistics installations, and other support facilities; vertical construction and maintenance of encampment and other personnel support facilities; emplacement of standard and nonstandard bridging and rafting; demolition and obstacle removal; augmentation for tasks beyond the organic engineering capabilities of supported units; and explosive ordnance disposal (EOD).

health service - Provide health service (medical and dental) support, beyond the supported units’ organic capabilities, to the MEF, including health maintenance, patient collection and treatment, temporary hospitalization, patient regulation and evacuation, disease control, hygienic services, and a comprehensive dental program.

Other Services - Coordinate services support, beyond supported units’ organic capabilities for the MEF, including security support, postal, disbursing, and exchange services; legal services (including active duty nucleus capability for CA); combat logistics-related CA support; and graves registration.

Name The Battalions And Major Sub Units Of Each In 3d MLG?Headquarters and Service BattalionMateriel Readiness Battalion (Maintenance and Supply Battalions)3d Transportation Support Battalion (Landing Support and Motor Transportation Battalions)

9th Engineering Support Battalion3d Medical BattalionDental Battalion

Explain the name and responsibilities of the following battalions of the MLG. Maintenance battalion

Mission:The maintenance battalion provides general support and intermediate (3d and 4th echelon) maintenance support for Marine Corps-furnished tactical ordnance, engineering, motor transport, communications electronics, and general support equipment of the MEF.Tasks:Provide 3d echelon maintenance on end items by means of component/subassembly replacement or repair.Provide intermediate (4th echelon) maintenance in support of the secondary repairable program, including repairing and rebuilding components and subassemblies of end items.Provide a tracked-vehicle evacuation capabilityProvide calibration services for electronic and mechanical TMDE.Provide organizational (2d echelon) and intermediate (3d and 4th echelon) maintenance on end items.Provide technical assistance and overflow organizational (2d echelon) maintenance for supported units as directed by higher headquarters.Provide intermediate maintenance and modification applications on in-stock equipment.Provide technical inspection services, as required, in support of equipment maintenance programs of the MEF.

Supply battalion [ref. (d), p. 5-29]Mission:The supply battalion provides general support supply support, except for bulk fuel and Navy-funded stock/ programs, for sustaining MAGTF operationsTasks:Provide supply support management, for the MLG and other MEF elements beyond organic capabilities of supported units, including the following stock control functions:Management of the MEF’s special allowance training pool items and initial issue provisioning assetsManagement of the MEF’s secondary repairables through the maintenance floatTechnical management, data research, customer service, and general assistance to the MEF for supply mattersSupplying status management reports for the MEF, as requiredInterface for the MEF with financial and maintenance management systems.Provide contracting support and cross servicing services for supported units, as required.Provide a warehousing capability in support of the MEFProvide accounting for classes I, II, IV, VII, VIII, and IX supplies, initial issue provisioning assets, and authorized levels of war reserve.Provide subsistence support to the MEF, including operation of class I subsistence dumps and storage, issue, and accounting for subsistence items.Provide receipt, storage, and forwarding of class III (packaged) supplies.Provide receipt, storage, issue, and accounting functions for class V items.Provide technical assistance in receipt, storage, assembly, and provision of nuclear ordnance.Provide for the receipt, storage, issue, and organizational (2d echelon) and intermediate (3d and 4th echelon) maintenance support for class VIII supplies and equipment.Provide intermediate-level shop stores issue points for the MEFProvide procurement services for the MEF for items decentralized by the integrated materiel manager.Provide packing, preservation, and packaging (PP&P) services

Engineer support battalion [ref. (d), 5-38]Mission:The engineer support battalion provides general engineering support of an expeditionary nature to the MEF, including survivability, counter mobility, and mobility enhancements; EOD; and general support supply support incident to the handling, storage, dispensing of bulk class I (water) and bulk class III and III (A) itemsTasks:Conduct engineering reconnaissance that is necessary to support the battalion’s mission or other engineering needs of the MEF.Construct, improve, and maintain airfields, including expeditionary airfields.Construct, improve, and maintain encampments, LCEAs, and other MEF-required support facilities by using available material or pre-engineered structures.Conduct mobility enhancement operations, including the construction, improvement, and maintenance of lines of communications and main supply routes.Provide bulk class III and III (A) fuel support, including receipt, storage, and dispensing of bulk fuel products.Provide utilities support, including mobile electric power beyond supported units’ capabilities and electrical power distribution within camps and LCEAs.Provide water purification and bulk class I (water) storage and dispensing for the MLG and other elements of the MEF when requirements exceed supported units’ capabilities.Provide survivability enhancements, including the construction of protective structures.Install and/or supervise other units in the installation of standard and nonstandard, fixed-panel and floating bridging, including planning and controlling bridging operations in support of MEF mobility requirements.Provide bath and laundry services beyond supported units’ capabilities.Provide EOD support, as required, to the MEF.Construct field-expedient deception devices.

Conduct counter mobility operations through installation of obstacles and barriers, including explosive and non-explosive obstacles.Conduct mobility operations, including breaching, reducing, and removing explosive or non-explosive obstacles. Provide specialized demolition operations beyond supported units’ capabilities

Medical battalion [ref. (d), 5-67]Mission:The medical battalion provides direct and general support medical support to the MEFTasks:Provide health care through the 2d echelon of medical care, including initial resuscitative care, resuscitative surgery, and temporary hospitalization of casualties, to the MEF.Provide medical regulating services for the MEF.Provide preventive medicine support to the MEF.Assist in the collection, analysis, and dissemination of medical intelligence.Provide the medical elements for the establishment of casualty decontamination and treatment stations. Provide medical support for management of mass casualties and combat stress casualties

Dental battalion [ref. (d), 5-75]Mission:The dental battalion provides general support dental health care to the MEF.Tasks:Provide a comprehensive program of dental health care for the MEF.Coordinate MEF dental health care support requirements.Provide dental detachments, as required, to support MAGTFs smaller than a MEF.Supervise implementation of dental health care delivery programs for the MEF

What is the LCE of:

Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU)? o Combat Logistic Battalion (CLB)

Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB)? o CLR is the LCE for the MEB

Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF)? o The LCE for a MEF is a MLG

State the six functional and sub-functional areas of tactical logistics Marine Corps tactical-level logistics encompasses all of the logistic support activities performed at the

tactical-level of war, to include combat service support. Tactical logistics is normally categorized in six functional areas:

1. Supply2. Maintenance3. Transportation4. General Engineering5. Health Services6. Services

Define War Reserve Materiel (WRM). War Reserve Material (WRM) is defined as mission-essential principal end items, secondary items, and

munitions required to attain operational objectives in the scenarios authorized for sustainability planning and other stockage objectives approved for programming in the Defense Planning Guidance. WRM inventories are acquired during peacetime. These inventories are flexible, and they provide expansion capability that can respond to spectrum regional contingencies, while minimizing investment in resources.

Discuss the differences between echelons of maintenance performed at organizational and intermediate ground equipment maintenance.

Organizational Maintenance 1 st & 2 nd ) Units owning equipment have organizational maintenance responsibilities. Proper maintenance is essential

to sustain combat operations Maintenance contact teams (MCTs) conduct recovery, evacuation, and repair. They determine whether an item

is repairable at the recovery site. The MCT either fixes the item, requests parts and an intermediate level maintenance support team (MST) from the CSSE, or supervises the item evacuation

Intermediate Maintenance ( 3 rd & 4 th ) The three elements of an intermediate maintenance concept are the MST, the CSSE forward maintenance

detachment, and the FSSG intermediate maintenance activity (IMA) The CSSE forward maintenance detachment is the element of a CSSD that operates the maintenance facilities

and collection points far forwardDepot Level (5 th )

That maintenance performed on materiel requiring major overhaul or a complete rebuild of parts, assemblies, subassemblies, and end-items, including the manufacture of parts, modifications, testing, and reclamation as required

Explain the purpose and characteristics of the following support vehicles:

7-ton/Medium Tactical Vehicle Replacement (MTVR)The MK23/MK25. It is used to utilize to transport equipment, material and or personnelVariants:

Mk 23 (short bed – i.e. 16 feet – without winch) - this is the most basic versionMk 25 (short bed, with winch)Mk 27 (extended bed – i.e. 20 feet – without winch)Mk 28 (extended bed, with winch)Mk 29 (dump truck variant – without winch)Mk 30 (dump truck variant – with winch)Mk 36 (wrecker variant)

High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled Vehicle (HMMWV) The M998, M998A1, M1038 and M1038A1 HMMWVs are cargo/troop carrier configurations of the HMMWV family. The vehicles are equipped with basic armor and used to transport equipment, materials, and/or personnel.The M1097 and M1097A1 HMMWVs are higher payload capacity cargo/troop carrier configurations of the HMMWV family.The M1025, M1025A1, M1026 and M1026A1 HMMWVs are Armament Carrier configurations of the HMMWV familyThe M1043, M1043A1, M1044, and M1044A1 HMMWVs are Armament Carrier configurations of the HMMWV familyThe M1037 and M1042 HMMWVs are Shelter Carrier configurations of the HMMWV family.The M996, M996A1, M997, M997A1, M1035 and M1035A1 HMMWVs are the Ambulance configuration of the HMMWV familyT he M997/M997A1 are designated as Maxi- Ambulances and can transport up to 4 litter patients, 8 ambulatory patients, or a combination of litter and ambulatory patients.

Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) The MaxxPro series of Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles incorporated a v-shaped hull design coupled with other survivability factors, being designed with crew protection in mind. The MaxxPro was intended to withstand ballistic arms fire; mine blasts; IEDs; and Nuclear, Biological and Chemical environments. The MaxxPro series featured a variety of armoring levels to fit various mission requirements. Different size variants further allowed the vehicle to be tailored to the mission.

Discuss the different classes of supplies. All items necessary for the equipping, maintenance, and operation of a military command, including food, clothing, equipment, arms, ammunition, fuel, materials, and machinery of all kinds. For planning, management, and administrative purposes, supplies are divided into 10 classes:

1. Class I - Subsistence, including gratuitous health and welfare items2. Class II - Clothing, individual equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and tool kits, hand tools,

and administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment.3. Class III -Petroleum, oils, and lubricants4. Class IV -Construction supplies.5. Class V -Ammunition.6. Class VI -Personal demand items (nonmilitary sales items).7. Class VII -Major end items: a final combination of end products that is ready for its intended use.8. Class VIII -Medical materiel, including medical-unique repair parts9. Class IX -Repair parts and components10. Class X -Materiel to support nonmilitary programs

State the responsibility of the following LCE components as they relate to MPF operations: Arrival and Assembly Area (AAA) - The AAA is an area of sufficient size and facilities to perform the

complex tasks of arrival, offload, MPE/S distribution, assembly, and preparing the MAGTF for employment. Initial preparation of the AAA. Coordinated arrival and offload of MPE/S from the MPSRON in port, across a beach or a combination of both. Reception of the FIE. Movement and distribution of MPE/S. Security. Preparing the MAGTF for its employment mission.

Arrival and Assembly Operations Group (AAOG) - The AAOG’s function is to coordinate and control arrival and assembly operations.

Arrival and Assembly Operations Element (AAOE) - Each element within the MAGTF and NSE establishes an AAOE to perform the following tasks: Provide initial C2 activities within their assembly area until arrival of the element commander. Oversee preparations for combat

Survey Liaison and Reconnaissance Party (SLRP) - The SLRP normally deploys to the AAA under the OPCON of the MAGTF.

Aerial Port of Embarkation (APOE) - An airfield for sustained air movement at which personnel and material board or are loaded aboard aircraft to initiate an aerial movement. APOEs may serve as ports of debarkation for return passengers and retrograde cargo shipments

Aerial Port of Debarkation (APOD) - An airfield for sustained air movement at which personnel and material are discharged from aircraft. APODs normally serve as ports of embarkation for return passengers and retrograde cargo shipments.

Sea Port of Embarkation (SPOE) - The geographic point in a routing scheme from which cargo or personnel depart. This may be a seaport or aerial port from which personnel and equipment flow to a port of debarkation; for unit and nonunit requirements, it may or may not coincide with the origin.

Sea Port of Debarkation (SPOD) - The geographic point at which cargo or personnel are discharged. This may be a seaport or aerial port of debarkation; for unit requirements; it may or may not coincide with the destination

Port Operations Group (POG) - The POG is task-organized from the TSB’s beach and terminal operations company and the Navy cargo handling force (NCHF).

Beach Operations Group (BOG) - The BOG is task-organized. It operates under the overall direction of the LFSP

Off-Load Preparation Party (OPP) - The OPP is a temporary task organization under the OPCON of the MAGTF commander. It consists of maintenance, embarkation personnel, and equipment operators from all

Arrival Airfield Control Group (AACG) - The AACG is responsible for the control and coordination of the offload of airlifted units and equipment

Departure Airfield Control Group (DACG) DACG and AACG exercises for landing support companies’ supporting establishment personnel associated with

unit air movement exercises.State the responsibility of the following Amphibious Ship to Shore Movement Organizations

Navy Control Organization (NCO) - The Navy is responsible for control of the ship-to-shore movement of both waterborne and helicopter borne assault forces

Landing Force Support Party (LFSP) - The ship-to-shore movement is a complex evolution that generates intensive activity under combat conditions. The LFSP is a temporary landing force organization composed of Navy and landing force elements tasked to provide initial combat support and CSS to the landing force during the ship-to-shore movement. Its mission is to support the landing and movement of troops, equipment, and supplies across the beaches and into HLZs. The LFSP facilitates the smooth execution of the landing plan. It is specifically task-organized to facilitate a rapid buildup of combat power ashore by ensuring an organized and uniform flow of personnel, equipment, and supplies over the beach in support of the landing force scheme of maneuver.

Landing Force Operations Center (LFOC )- During the initial phases of the amphibious operation, the landing force operations center (LFOC) is the MAGTF commander's command post afloat. The LFOC maintains communications with the LFSP elements.

Navy Beach Group (NBG )- The naval beach group is a permanently organized naval command within an amphibious force comprised of a commander and staff, a beach masters unit, an amphibious construction battalion, and an assault craft unit, designed to provide an administrative group from which required naval tactical components may be made available to the attack force commander and to the amphibious landing force commander to support the landing of one division (reinforced). This group task-organizes beach party teams and or groups for specific tasks. It can make limited beach improvements to help in the landing and the evacuation of casualties and EPWs.

Section 108COMMAND ELEMENT (CE) FUNDAMENTALS

Discuss the function of the Command Element (CE) within the Marine Air/Ground Task Force (MAGTF). The missions of the CE is to command and control, direct, plan and coordinate the air, ground, logistics,

intelligence, and communications and information systems (CIS) operations of assigned forces. The MAGTF commander is responsible for everything that his unit does or fails to do and is given commensurate authority. He cannot delegate his responsibility or any part of it although he may delegate portions of his authority.

Discuss the role and responsibility of the following: Chief of Staff

The C/S (or executive officer to the extent authorized by the commanding officer) is responsible for directing, coordinating, supervising, and training the staff. The C/S frees the commander from routine managerial duties. The C/S is the primary conduit for the exchange of critical information and insight between the staff and the commander.

Principle Staff The commander’s principal staff officers comprise the general staff in units commanded by a general officer and the executive staff for all other units.

Special Staff Special staff officers advise and assist the commander and other staff members in a particular military specialty such as supply or legal matters.

Personal Staff Personal staff members work directly for the commander.

Define the role of the following staff officers: Staff Secretary - The staff secretary is an administrative assistant to the C/S. The staff secretary is

not a member of the general or special staff. Chaplain - The staff chaplain has responsibility for matters pertaining to the moral, spiritual, and

religious well-being of the command. The chaplain operates under the cognizance of the C/S. Advises the commanding officer or commander on moral issues and provides input to programs that emphasize Marine Corps core values.

Surgeon - The Surgeon is directly responsible to the Commanding General and functions under the staff cognizance of the AC/S, G-4 with respect to medical and medical service matters. Staff responsibilities include:Advising the Commanding General, staff and unit commanders and representing them on all medical and medical service issues.Advising of the medical effects on personnel of the environment and weapons, including those from NBC weapon systems.Exercising staff supervision and technical control over medical activities throughout the MEF via the major subordinate command surgeons including: environmental health, first aid, sanitation aspects of food service, and other preventive medical activities affecting the health of all personnel.Monitoring the professional health services provided in subordinate commands and for enemy prisoners of war and civilian internees/detainees, to include the processing of medical supplies and equipment.Acting as the agent for the Commanding General, when credentialing all medical officers providing health care to include those that TAD to the command.Evaluating medical evacuation, medical regulating and treatment of casualties.Coordinating the activities of the Medical Planner to include approving health care appendixes and input for operational and contingency plans.Ensuring deploying medical sections are provided current medical intelligence.

Preparing reports on the records of sick, injured and wounded Marines and Sailors.Serves as a member of the Medical Coordinating Committee.Directing the activities of other Naval personnel of the medical section who carry out the daily operations of the section.

Public Affairs Officer (PAO) - The Public Affairs Officer (PAO) is responsible for advising the Commanding General on all public affairs matters.

Comptroller - The comptroller has responsibility for financial management. Operating under the staff cognizance of the C/S, a comptroller will be assigned only to major commands.

Staff Judge Advocate (SJA)/Legal Officer - The SJA is responsible for assisting the commander in the administration of military justice and the processing of legal matters.

Define the following staff sections: J/G/S-1

Directly responsible to the Commanding General for personnel matters. The G-1 Division consists of: Manpower Branch Operations and Plans Branch Reserve Affairs Branch Adjutant Personnel and Career Planning

J/G/S-2 Directly responsible to the Commanding General for intelligence matters. The G-2 Division consists of: Executive/Administrative Branch Intelligence Operations Branch Counterintelligence/Human Intelligence Branch Signals intelligence/Special Security Branch Planning Branch

J/G/S-3 Directly responsible to the Commanding General for operational matters. The G-3 Division consists of: Current Operations/Exercises Branch Future Operations Branch Air Branch Force Fires/Training Branch Tactical Exercise Control Group (TECG) Special Operations Training Group (SOTG) Reserve Affairs Branch

J/G/S-4 Directly responsible to the Commanding General for logistics support of III MEF; forces. The G-4 Division consists of the following branches: Executive/ Administrative Operations Engineer Strategic Mobility Logistic Plans Supply and Health Services

J/G-5 Directly responsible to the Commanding General for planning. The mission of the G-5 is to assist and advise the Commanding General in matters pertaining to: general war planning contingency planning forces planning joint policy and doctrine command relationships service programs Rules of Engagement other matters as may be directed

J/G/S-6 Directly responsible to the Commanding General for communications and information systems matters. The G-6 Division consists of: Executive/ Administrative Branch Operations Branch Maintenance Section Information Systems Management Section MEF Communications Management Security (COMSEC) Management office JCMO).

J/G-7 Inspector / Safety The mission of the III MEF inspector is to advise and assist CG III MEF with respect to the evaluation

and inspection of subordinate activities and units, request mast and other matters as directed or assigned.

J/G-8/Comptroller The mission of the Comptroller is to advise the Commander in all matters pertaining to financial

management.

Discuss the role of the following senior enlisted personnel in the chain of command:

Sergeant Major Directly responsible to the CG Acts as the principal enlisted advisor to the Commanding General on all matters pertaining to Marine

enlisted personnel Acts as a member of the Commanding General's party on visits and readiness evaluations/inspection

trips when enlisted personnel arc involved. Keeps apprised of all policies of the Commanding General and disseminates such information to

enlisted personnel

Command Master Chief Advise the Commanding General, staff and unit commanders regarding Navy policy for Navy enlisted

matters. Interfaces and maintains the communication with the Command Master Chiefs and Navy personnel of Major Subordinate Commands (MSC's), and providing them assistance and guidance as appropriate.

Advises the CG, III MEF, Surgeon, Chaplain, and Dental Officer on all matters pertaining to the morale, welfare, utilization, and training of Navy enlisted members.

Accompanies the CG, III MEF and the III MEF Surgeon on staff visits and official functions, as appropriate.

Define the Table of Organization (T/O) and discuss as it pertains to your unit. A document which provides the authority for personnel staffing of a unit and the basis for all other

resources. The table of organization contains a unit's mission, organization, concept of employment, administrative capabilities, and logistics capabilities.

Define the Table of Equipment (T/E) and discuss as it pertains to your unit. A document listing the equipment, which a unit is required to possess and maintain in order to accomplish

its mission. When used with the table of organization, it serves as the basis for determining what publications and

additional equipment may be required by the unit.

State the area of responsibility of the following components:MEF Headquarters Group (MHG)

To provide administrative and service support to the MEF command element (CE) and to intelligence, counterintelligence, ground reconnaissance, communications and information systems (CIS), and liaison organizations subordinate to the MEF CE.

Radio Battalion The mission of the radio battalion is to provide tactical signals intelligence (SIGINT), ground-based

electronic attack (EA), communications security (COMSEC) monitoring, and special intelligence (SI) communication support to the MAGTF.

Communications Battalion The mission of the communication battalion is to provide communications and information systems support

to MARFOR component headquarters and MAGTF CEs.Intelligence Battalion

Activated in October 1989 at Camp Pendleton, Ca, as 1st Intelligence Company, 1st Surveillance Reconnaissance Intelligence Group (SRIG), and redesigned in November 1998 as 1st Reconnaissance Battalion. The intelligence organizes, trains, and equips task organized intelligence detachments for service with MAGTFs or other commanders as directed.

Counterintelligence (CI)/Human Intelligence (HUMMIT) Company The mission of the communication battalion is to provide communications and information systems support

to MARFOR component headquarters and MAGTF CEs.Marine Corps Imagery Support Unit (MCISU)

The mission of the communication battalion is to provide communications and information systems support to MARFOR component headquarters and MAGTF CEs.

Civil Affairs Group (CAG) The mission of the communication battalion is to provide communications and information systems support

to MARFOR component headquarters and MAGTF CEs.

Discuss the Command Element (CE) of the following:Command Element (CE) of a Marine Expeditionary Force?

To provide command and control of the Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF). The MEF Command Element (CE) is responsible for the command, control, direction, planning and coordination of corps-level air, ground, and logistical operations of assigned forces, normally consisting of one or more Marine divisions, Marine aircraft wings, and Marine Logistics Groups, and other separate units

What is the Command Element (CE) of a MEB? To provide command and control of the Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB). The MEB Command Element (CE) is

responsible for the command, control, direction, planning and coordination of corps-level air, ground, and logistical operations of assigned forces, normally consisting of one or more Marine Regiments, Marine aircraft groups, and Marine Logistics Regiments, and other separate units.

What is the Command Element (CE) of a MEU? The mission of the MEU CE is to provide command and control to the MEU. The MEU CE is responsible for the

command and control, direction, planning, and coordination of air, ground, and logistic operations of assigned forces, consisting of a Marine battalion landing team, Marine composite squadron, MEU service support group, and other separate units.

Section 109Amphibious Operations Fundamentals

Discuss the mission and functions of an Amphibious Task Force (ATF). Success of the ship-to-shore movement of the landing force and its essential equipment, the most critical

phase of an amphibious assault, requires the closest coordination of naval and landing force elements in the detailed preparatory planning for and the actual execution of the movement.

The amphibious task force (AFT) commander exercises overall control of ship-to-shore movement. Figure 2-1 shows the broad organizational structure of the AFT.

The movement from ship to shore involves all elements of the force, either directly or in a support function.

State the sequence of events for each of the following phases of amphibious operations: 1. Planning - “The planning phase begins with the receipt of the initiating directive or the issuing of the

LF/MAGTF activation order2. Embarkation - The embarkation phase is the period during which the forces, with their equipment and

supplies, move to staging areas and embarks in assigned shipping3. Rehearsal - The rehearsal phase is the period when the CATF and CLF test the adequacy of plans, make sure

that all elements are familiar with plans and test communications4. Movement - Movement Phase is the phase during which the elements of the ATF move from the POEs to the AOA5. Action - The assault phase is the period of time between the arrival of the major assault forces of the

ATF in. the objective area and the accomplishment of the Amphibious Task Force missionDiscuss the following types of amphibious operations:

Assault - An amphibious assault involves the establishment of a LF on a hostile or potentially hostile shore. The organic capabilities of amphibious forces, including fire support, logistics, and mobility, allows the U.S. to gain access to a crisis area by forcible entry. Forcible entry operations can be accomplished through amphibious operations, airborne operations, air assault operations, or a combination of any or all of these forcible entry techniques

Demonstration - The amphibious demonstration is intended to confuse the enemy as to the time, place, or strength of the main operation. Amphibious demonstrations may be conducted in conjunction with other deception operations in order to delude or confuse the enemy

Feint - In military deception, an offensive action involving contact with the adversary conducted for the purpose of deceiving the adversary as to the location and/or time of the actual main offensive action

Raid - An amphibious raid is an operation involving a swift incursion into or the temporary occupation of an assigned mission followed by a planned withdrawal. Amphibious raids are conducted as independent operations or in support of other operations, such as another amphibious landing or land, air, or naval operation

Discuss the Commander Amphibious Task Force (CATF) and Commander Landing Force (CLF) relationship as it pertains to amphibious operations.

The amphibious task force commander executes the ship-to – shore movement in accordance with the previously approved plan. Should any major change become necessary; the amphibious task force commander is responsible for making and promulgating the change. Since a major change may affect troop scheme of maneuver, the landing force commander must be consulted

Should the landing force commander desire to make a change in plans which affects the ship-to-shore movement, he will obtain the approval of the amphibious task force commander, who will then promulgate the change to the naval element of the force

Discuss the various classes of amphibious ships:

LCC USS Blue Ridge Class The assigned mission of the amphibious command ship (LCC) is to function as the

command ship for a joint task force as the command, control, communications, computers, and intelligence (C4) platform, or for a naval component commander; numbered fleet commander; commander amphibious task force (CATF); Marine expeditionary force (MEF)

LHA USS Tarawa Class The assigned mission of the amphibious assault ship (general purpose) (LHA) is to

embark, deploy, and land elements of a Marine landing force in an amphibious assault by helicopters, landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and by combinations of these methods

LHD USS Wasp Class The assigned mission of the amphibious assault ship (multipurpose) (LHD) is to embark,

deploy, and land elements of a Marine landing force in an amphibious assault by helicopters, landing craft, amphibious vehicles, and by combinations of these methods. The LHD is assigned a secondary mission of sea control and power projection in which additional fixed-wing vertical/short takeoff and landing (VTOL) aircraft and helicopters are deployed

LPD

USS Austin Class The assigned mission of the LPD is to transport and land troops and their essential equipment and supplies in an amphibious assault by means of embarked landing craft or amphibious vehicles augmented by helicopter lift

USS San Antonio Class The assigned mission of the LPD-17 class ships is to embark, transport, and land elements of the landing force in an assault by helicopters, landing craft, amphibious assault vehicles, and by a combination of these methods

LSD USS Anchorage Class The assigned mission of the LSD-36 is to transport and launch loaded amphibious craft

and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assaults by landing craft and amphibious vehicles. It can render limited docking repair service to small ships and craft

USS Whidbey Island and Harper Ferry Class The assigned mission of the dock landing ship (LSD- 41) is to transport and launch loaded amphibious craft and vehicles with their crews and embarked personnel in amphibious assaults by landing craft and amphibious vehicles. It can render limited docking repair service to small ships and craft

Discuss the classes of ships that provide Navy Surface Fire Support.Ships suitable for gunfire support include cruisers and destroyers

o Guided Missile Cruisers (CG, CGN)o Destroyers (DD, DDG)o Amphibious Assault Ships (LHA)

Discuss the following terms as they apply to ship-to-shore movement: In amphibious operations, the time at which the first helicopter of the helicopter-borne assault wave

touches down in the landing zone H-hour For amphibious operations, the time the first assault elements are scheduled to touch down on the beach,

or a landing zone, and in some cases the commencement of countermine breaching operations D-day The unnamed day on which a particular operation commences or is to commence Line of Departure (LOD) In amphibious warfare, a suitably marked offshore coordinating line to assist assault craft to land on

designated beaches at scheduled timesDiscuss the following types of amphibious landing craft:

Landing Craft Air Cushion (LCAC)- The LCAC is the latest generation of amphibious assault landing craft. Combining the heavy lift capacity of the surface assault with high speeds of helicopter-borne assault, the LCAC adds a new dimension to the capabilities of amphibious forces. It is capable of traveling over land and water. The LCACs mission is to land heavy vehicles, equipment, personnel, and cargo in amphibious assaults.

Landing Craft Utility (LCU ) - The LCU's mission is to land heavy vehicles, equipment, personnel, and cargo in an amphibious assault. The LCU is a highly versatile craft; like others of the landing craft family, it has been adapted for many uses including salvage operations, ferry boats for vehicles and passengers, and underwater test platforms. It is a self-sustaining craft with the typical habitability features found aboard ships. Its welded steel hull provides high durability with deck loads of 800 pounds per square foot.

State the responsibility of the following Landing Force Support Party (LFSP) components as they relate to amphibious operations:

Shore Party - The shore party is a task organization formed and equipped to facilitate landing and movement of waterborne troops, equipment, and supplies and evacuation of selected casualties and prisoners of war

Beach Party - The beach party is the Navy component of the LFSP and is under the operational control of the LFSP commander

Special Attachments - Special attachments are made to the LFSP for defense of the BSA Ships Platoon - A ship’s platoon consists of LF personnel responsible for loading stowing, and offloading

LF equipment and supplies

Section 110Force Protection Fundamentals

State the purpose of antiterrorism and force protection Antiterrorism (AT) is defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts, to include limited response and

containment by local military and civilian forces. The AT program is one of several security-related programs that fall under the overarching Force Protection and Combating Terrorism programs. An AT program is a collective effort that seeks to reduce the likelihood that Department of Defense affiliated personnel, their families, facilities, and materiel will be subject to a terrorist attack, and to prepare to respond to the consequences of such attacks should they occur.

Force Protection (FP) is security programs designed to protect Service members, civilian employees, family members, facilities, information, and equipment in all locations and situations, accomplished through the planned and integrated application of combating terrorism, physical security, operations security, personal protective services, and supported by intelligence, counterintelligence, and security programs.

Discuss the following Force Protection Conditions (FPCONs): FPCON Normal : Applies when a general global threat of possible terrorist activity exists and warrants a routine security posture. FPCON Alpha : Applies when there is an increased general threat of possible terrorist activity against personnel or facilities, the nature and extent are

unpredictable. ALPHA measures must be capable of being maintained indefinitely. FPCON Bravo : Applies when an increased or more predictable threat of terrorist activity exists. Sustaining BRAVO measures for a prolonged period may

affect operational capability and relations with local authorities. FPCON Charlie : Applies when an incident occurs or intelligence is received indicating some form of terrorist action or targeting against personnel or

facilities is likely. Prolonged implementation of CHARLIE measures may create hardship and affect the activities of the unit and its personnel. FPCON Delta : Applies in the immediate area where a terrorist attack has occurred or when intelligence has been received that terrorist action against a

specific location or person is imminent. Normally, this FPCON is declared as a localized condition. FPCON DELTA measures are not intended to be sustained for substantial periods.

Define the term deadly force. The efforts of an individual used against another to cause death, substantial risk of death, or serious bodily injury.

Discuss the use of less than lethal force. Use the lowest level of force needed to control a situation or make an apprehension. The force levels, from lowest to highest (deadly force), arc listed

below. Use deadly force as a last resort Show of force

1. Shout – verbal warning to halt or Stop2. Show – your weapon and demonstrate intent3. Shove – or use other non-deadly means to command compliance4. Shoot – to eliminate threat

Unarmed self-defense techniques Chemical aerosol irritant, if available Handcuffs Riot club, if available Working dogs, if available Deadly force

Discuss the rules of engagement as it relates to force protection. Directives issued by competent military authority that delineate the circ*mstances and limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or

continue combat engagement with other forces encountered.Discuss the use of rear area security as it relates to force protection and rules of engagement.

Commanders have an inherent responsibility for the security of their personnel, equipment, and facilities. The component commander and the MAGTF commander are ultimately responsible for the security of their assigned rear areas. The rear area may be divided into smaller geographic areas to enhance overall command and control. Units are responsible for their local security

Section 111General Combat Leadership Fundamentals

Explain the Code of Conduct Article 1: "I am an American fighting in the armed forces, which guard my country and our way of life. I

am prepared to give my life in their defense”Interpretation: I am a Marine. I will fight and if necessary, die for my country and our way of life

Article 2 : "I will never surrender of my own free will. If in command, I will never surrender the members of my command while they still have the means to resist."Interpretation: I will never surrender as long as I can fight, not will I surrender the Marines in my charge if they can fight. If they should lose the means to fight, they will take all possible steps to evade capture

Article 3: "If I am captured, I will continue to resist by all means available. I will make every effort to escape and aid others to escape. I will accept neither parole nor special favors from the enemy."Interpretation: If I am captured, I will not take any favors or special treatment from the enemy, and I will resist and escape, if possible. If I can help Marines and others to escape, I will do so

Article 4: "If I become a prisoner of war. I will keep faith with my fellow prisoners. I will give no information nor take part in any action, which might be very harmful to my comrades. If I am senior, I will take command. If not, I will obey the lawful orders of senior prisoners, regardless of the branch of service (U.S. or Allied Nation.)Interpretation: If I am a prisoner, I will help my fellow prisoners and not sell them out for favors from the enemy. If senior, I will take charge; if not, I will follow the orders of the senior prisoner, regardless of the branch of service (U.S. or Allied Nation).

Article 5: ''When questioned, should I become a prisoner of war, I am required to give name, rank, service number and date of birth. I will evade answering further questions to the utmost of my ability. I will give no oral or written statements disloyal to my country and its allies or harmful to their cause."Interpretation: If taken prisoner, I will give my service number (SSN), name, rank, and date of birth, as required. I may fill out a Geneva Convention Capture Card, but I am not required to. I may also write letters home and talk with the enemy about 1natters of health my country, or its allies

Article 6: "I will never forget that I am an American, fighting for freedom, responsible for my actions, and dedicated to the principles, which made my country free. I will trust in my God and in the United States of America."Interpretation: I am a Marine fighting to keep my country free. I will be responsible for my conduct, and I will trust in my God and my country

Identify the four specific items of information under Article 5 that Marines and Sailors are required to give to their captors.

Name Rank Service Number (SSN) Date of Birth

State the rights and obligations of Enemy Prisoners of War (EPWs). Receive sanitary, protective housing and clothing Receive sufficient amount of food to sustain good health Receive adequate medical care Receive necessary facilities for proper hygiene Practice religious faith Keep possessions and personal property except weapons, military equipment, and documents Send and receive mail Receive packages containing non-contraband items such as food, clothing, and educational, religious, and

recreational materialsState the procedures for handling Enemy Prisoners of War (EPWs).

Prisoners of war are in the hands of the enemy Power, but not of the individuals or military units who have captured them. Irrespective of the individual responsibilities that may exist, the Detaining Power is responsible for the treatment given them.

Prisoners of war must at all times be humanely treated. Any unlawful act or omission by the Detaining Power causing death or seriously endangering the health of a prisoner of war in its custody is prohibited, and will be regarded as a serious breach of the present Convention.

Prisoners of war must at all times be protected, particularly against acts of violence or intimidation and against insults and public curiosity.

Prisoners of war arc entitled in all circ*mstances to respect for their persons and their honor. Women shall be treated with all the regard due to their sex and shall in all cases benefit by treatment as favorable as that granted to men.

The Power detaining prisoners of war shall be bound to provide free of charge for their maintenance and for the medical attention required by their state of health.

Section 112United States Marine Corps Operations

Discuss the principles of the Operational Maneuver from the Sea (OMFTS) Doctrine. Focuses on an operational objective

Uses the sea as maneuver space Generates overwhelming tempo and momentum Pits strength against weakness Emphasizes intelligence, deceptions, and flexibility Integrates all organic, joint, and combined assets

Explain the role of military forces during Foreign Humanitarian Assistance / Disaster Relief (FHA/DR) operations.

A chief purpose of military forces conducting foreign HA operations is to provide a secure environment to allow humanitarian relief efforts to progress. As such, HA missions for US military may cover a broad range of tasking. In every case, the specific requirements placed on US soldiers, sailors, marines, and airmen will be situation dependent. HA means vastly different things to different people, based on their specific perspective. HA operations can encompass both reactive programs, such as disaster relief, and proactive programs, such as humanitarian and civic assistance (HCA) or civil support

Discuss the law and regulations that govern Humanitarian and Civic Assistance Programs and explain in detail some of the elements of the law.

HCA is governed by Title 10, GS Code, Section 401 Must be carried out in conjunction with host nation military and/or civilian personnel Shall complement and may not duplicate any other form of social or economic assistance provided to the

host nation by another department or agency of the U.S. May not be provided directly or indirectly to any individual, group, or organization engaged in military

or paramilitary activity. May not be provided unless the Department of State (DOS) specifically approves such assistance

Discuss two types of combat and noncombat operations that represent the term Military Operations Other Than War (MOOTW).

Combating Terrorism DOD support to counterdrug operations Enforcement of Sanctions/MIO Enforcing Exclusion Zones Humanitarian Assistance Military Support to Civil Authorities Nation Assistance/Support to Counterinsurgency NEO Peace Operations Recovery Operations Show of Force Operations Strikes and Raids Define Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT). A military operation on urbanized terrain (MOUT) is defined as all military actions planned and conducted

on a topographical complex and its adjacent terrain where manmade construction is the dominant feature. It includes combat in cities, which is that portion of MOUT involving house-to-house and street-by-street fighting in towns and cities

Define Rules of Engagement (ROE). ROE are “directives issued by competent military authority which delineate the circ*mstances and

limitations under which United States forces will initiate and/or continue combat engagement with other forces encountered” (Joint Pub 1-02). ROE for Marine forces are usually set by the JTF commander. They are based on National Command Authorities (NCA) guidance, the mission, the threat, the laws of war, and host nation constraints on force deployment.

Name the types of operations that represent the Irregular Warfare. Counter Terrorism Foreign Internal Defense Influencing foreign governments and populations is a complex and inherently political activity Counterinsurgency Operations Counterinsurgency is military, paramilitary, political, economic, psychological, and civic actions taken

by a government to defeat insurgency Stability Operations

Section 113Environmental Awareness Fundamentals

Define the following terms: HAZMAT For the purpose of preparing the Material Safety Data Sheet, a hazardous material is defined as a

material having one or more of the following characteristics:

has a flashpoint below 200oF (93.3oC) closed cup, or is subject to spontaneous heating or is subject to polymerization with release of large amounts of energy when handled, stored, and shipped without adequate control;

has a threshold limit value below 1000 ppm for gases and vapors, below 500 mg/m3 for fumes, and below 30 mppcf for dusts;

a single oral dose which will cause 50 percent fatalities to test animals when administered in doses of less than 500 mg per kilogram of test animal weight;

is a strong oxidizing or reducing agent; causes first degree burns to skin in short time exposure or is systematically toxic by skin contact; in the course of normal operations, may produce dusts, gases, fumes, vapors, mists, or smokes with one or

more of the above characteristics; produces sensitizing or irritating effects; is radioactive; or The item has special characteristics which in the opinion of the manufacturer could cause harm to

personnel if used or stored improperly.

HAZWASTE – Any discarded or abandoned hazardous substance as defined in 40 CFR 261 or applicable state regulations

where the state has been granted enforcement authority by EPA. It may include any discarded liquid, semisolid, solid, or containerized gaseous material. Hazardous waste does not include EHM with expired shelf-life unless determined as such by a Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office (DRMO)

MSDS – OSHA Form 174 or an equivalent form containing the identical data elements, must be used by manufacturers

of chemical products to communicate to users the chemical, physical, and hazardous properties of their product to comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200. The completed form identifies key information on the product: name, address, and emergency contact for the manufacturer; the identity of hazardous ingredients; physical/chemical characteristics; fire and explosion hazard data; reactivity data; health hazard data; precautions for safe handling and use; and control measures

AUL/SHML – Commands are asked to develop, implement, and revise as necessary a facility level Hazardous Material

(HM) Authorized Use List (AUL). For each HM listed, the AUL must include the stock number and item name for stock numbered items purchased via the stock system, or the product name and manufacturer name as they appear on the product label/material safety data sheet (MSDS) for items not purchased via the stock system. In addition, the AUL must identify the processes for which each HM is allowed to be used and maintain this AUL for all HM allowed for use in the activity.

Explain the general procedures to be followed when a HAZMAT spill is discovered. Because of the extremely hazardous nature of many materials, only trained personnel shall respond to a

hazardous material (HM) spill. Personnel shall be trained by division officers or supervisory personnel to clean up small spills of HM. Appropriate Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) shall be used to conduct training. Response procedures for many specific situations are provided in other documents

For descriptive purposes, the spill response procedures have been divided into nine phases1. Discovery and Notification 2. Initiation of Action. 3. Evaluation. 4. Containment and Damage Control. 5. Dispersion of Gases/Vapors. 6. Cleanup and Decontamination. 7. Disposal of Contaminated Materials. 8. Certification for Re-entry. 9. Follow-up Reports.

State the PPE required when handling HAZMAT/HAZWASTE Eye and Face Protection Respiratory Protection Head Protection Foot Protection Hand Protection Electrical Protective Devices

Section 114Communications Fundamentals

Discuss the following single-channel radio frequency bands. UHF - Military UHF radio equipment operates in the 116 to 150 MHz upper VHF frequency range and the 225

to 400 MHz military UHF radio spectrum. MAGTF UHF radio sets such as the AN/PRC-113 (see figure 2-7 on page 2-12) are capable of data communications at 16 kbps under optimal conditions. MAGTF ground and airborne UHF radios incorporate the HAVE QUICK Electronic Counter-Counter Measures capability and operate in single-channel and frequency hopping modes. The HAVE QUICK UHF radio is capable of remote operation by using the AN/ GRA-39B or HYX-57.

VHF - The primary MAGTF VHF radio is the single-channel ground and airborne radio system (SINCGARS). SINCGARS is a family of lightweight combat radios that serves as the primary means of communications for command and control and fire support on the battlefield. SINCGARS is the standard VHF-FM tactical radio for the Marine Corps, replacing the AN/PRC-77 and the AN/VRC-12 family. The system provides high security against threat electronic warfare (EW) by using frequency hopping with integrated COMSEC. It is capable of voice and data transmission (up to 16 kbps under optimum conditions and over limited distances) over the VHF-FM frequency range of 30 to 87.975 MHz’s

HF - HF radio equipment is capable of both long- and short-range secure voice and data communications. Data communications capability is typically limited to rates of 2.4 kilobits per second (kbps). Data

transmission requires modems specifically designed for operation in this band of the radio spectrum. High frequency communications are capable of traveling around the world under the right conditions. This accounts for the large number of signals and noise in the receiver (e.g., thunderstorms). Conversely, the HF transmission may be intercepted and traced by the enemy who is many hundreds of miles away. VHF and UHF communications are normally limited to line of sight; therefore, their range is restricted. UHF transmissions may also be used in satellite communications, increasing ranges to thousands of miles.

Describe the phonetic alphabet.

A = ALPHA N = NOVEMBERB = BRAVO 0 = OSCARC = CHARLIE P = PAPAD = DELTA Q = QUEBECE = ECHO R = ROMEOF = FOXTROT S = SIERRAG = GOLF T = TANGOH = HOTEL U = UNIFORMI = INDIA V = VICTORJ =JULIET W = WHISKEYK = KILO X = X-RAYL = LIMA Y = YANKEEM = MIKE Z= Zulu

Discuss communications security. Top Secret - Top Secret is the classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure

could reasonably be expected to cause exceptionally grave danger to the national security Secret - Secret is the classification level applied to information whose unauthorized disclosure could

reasonably be expected to cause serious damage to the national security Confidential - Confidential is the classification level applied to information whose unauthorized

disclosure could reasonably be expected to cause damage to the national securityDiscuss the purpose of Internet Tactical Chat in Support of Operations.

Tactical chat (TC) is a near-real-time, multi-participant means of textually communicating among military units. TC allows for predominantly jam free communications, similar to radio voice communications, over the internet. Anyone with a computer, a network connection, and compatible TC software can communicate textually using TC. In some instances, TC is the most effective means for war fighters to communicate, especially when mission conditions hamper information that would typically pass over voice communications

What are the TWO MODES of operation for the Single Channel Ground and Airborne Radio System (SINCGARS)? Single channel (SC) Frequency hopping (FH)

Using the metric system, what are the transmission RANGES for the SINCGARS radio? : LO (Low power) - 200 M - 400 M M (medium power) - 400 M – 5 KM Hi (high power) – 5 KM - 1OKM PA (power amplifier) - 10 KM - 40 KM

Section 115Weapons Fundamentals

Discuss the safety rules operating procedures for Weapons. 1. RULE #1 - Treat every weapon as if it were loaded.2. RULE #2 - Never point a weapon at anything you do not intend to shoot.3. RULE #3 - Keep finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to fire4. RULE #4 - Keep weapon on safe until you intend to fire5. RULE #5(not always known) – Know what is behind target

Discuss the characteristics of the Service rifle and its ammunition. The M16-/M4-series weapons are 5.56-mm, magazine-fed, gas-operated, air-cooled, shoulder-fired weapons Lightweight, Air-cooled, Gas-operated, Magazine-fed, Shoulder or hip fired Automatic fire (3 round bursts) Semi-automatic fire (single shot) Magazine capacity…………………………………………………………30 rounds Measurements: Length: 39.63 in Weight, with 30 round magazine………………….…..8.79 lbs Bore diameter……………………………………… 5.56mm Maximum effective range: Area Target …………………………………………800 meters Point Target ……………………………………….550 meters

Rate of Fire: Cyclic………………………………………………….800 rounds per minute Sustained…………………………………………..12-15 rounds per minute Semiautomatic…………………………………..45 rounds per minute Burst………………………………………………….90 rounds per minute

Discuss the characteristics of the T/O service pistol and use of the lanyard. The M9 pistol is a semiautomatic, magazine fed, recoil operated, double/single action pistol, chambered

for the NATO 9mm round The M9 pistol is a semiautomatic, magazine fed, recoil operated, double action pistol, chambered for the

9mm cartridge To fire the first chambered round in single action, the hammer must be manually locked to the rear before

pulling the trigger. All shots after the first one will be fired single action because the slide automatically re-co*cks the hammer after each shot

Magazine (1). Has a 15 cartridge capacity Caliber………………………………….………..9x9mm (9mm NATO) length …….……………………………………..217 mm (8.54 in) Width……………….…………………………….38mm(1.50 in) Height………………………..…………………..140 mm (5.51 in) Weight (w/empty magazine)……………960 gr (33.86 oz.) Weight (w/15 round magazine)………..1145 gr (40.89 oz.) Barrel Length…………………………………..125mm (4.92 in) Maximum effective range………………..50 meters (54.7 yards) Maximum range……………………………….1800 meters (1969.2 yards)

Name the major components of the M9 pistol. Slide assembly Barrel assembly Recoil spring and recoil spring guide (rod) Receiver assembly Magazine assembly

Discuss the immediate action to clear a stoppage for the T/O Service pistol. TAP: slap the bottom of the magazine RACK: pull the slide to the rear and release. BANG: sight and fire

Discuss the (K-Bar) fighting knife. Marines must be trained in knife fighting techniques to defend against attacks when an opponent is either

unarmed or armed with a held-held weapon. Marines experienced in offensive knife techniques can cause enough damage and massive trauma to stop an opponent. When engaged against each other, experienced knife fighters employ various maneuvers and techniques that are specific to knife fighting. Seldom, if ever, will Sailors engage an opponent in a classical knife fight

Discuss the safe handling procedures and use of:

Fragmentation grenades Know where all friendly forces are located. Know the sector of fire. Use the buddy or team system. Ensure the projected arc of the fragmentation hand grenade is clear of obstacles Hand held signals/flares Keep away from fire. Don’t handle if damaged or if parts are missing. Handle carefully and use basic issue leather work gloves and full helmet when possible. Aim at all times away from face, body, and friendly troops. Before items are launched check wind to achieve height for visibility. Avoid overhead obstacles (foliage and so forth). Avoid fallout (rocket parts and so forth). Maintain at least a 45-degree elevation to launch. Check wind to avoid fire, smoke inhalation, or irritation with all pyrotechnic items Discuss the purpose, employment, and characteristics of the following weapons:

M203 grenade launcher The M203 grenade launcher is a lightweight, single-shot, breech-loaded, pump action, shoulder-fired

weapon attached to an M16A1 or A2 rifle Weight of launcher unloaded........1.4 kg (3.0 pounds) Caliber.........................................40 mm Maximum range.......................400 meters (1,312 feet) Maximum effective range: Area target. ........350 meters (1,148 feet) Point target. ...... .150 meters (492 feet) The M203 fires high-explosive, illuminating, signaling, CS, and training ammunition

M249 machine gun

The M240G machine is an air-cooled, belt-fed, gas-operated automatic weapon. The weapon fires from the open-bolt position and is fed by a disintegrating belt of metal links.

The M240G is a versatile weapon that can support both offensive and defensive operations. It can provide a heavy volume of close, accurate, and continuous fire support When employed as final protective fires, forms an integral part of a unit's defensive fire plan and can

effectively break up and stop an enemy Measurements: Total system weight (gun and tripod complete) .......................... 45.6 pounds Weight of machine gun......................... 25.6 pounds Weight of barrel ................................ 6.6 pounds Length of machine gun ........................ 49 inches Height of machine gun on tripod.................................... 17 inches Ranges Maximum ................................................ 3,725 meters Maximum effective ...................................................... 1,800 meters Grazing fire .................................................................. 600 meters Caliber ......................................................................... 7.62 millimeter

M240G machine gun The machine gun, light, squad automatic weapon, M249 (saw) is a gas-operated, air cooled, belt or

magazine-fed, automatic weapon that fires from the open-bolt position. Maximum rate of fire is 850 rounds per minute Primarily, ammunition is fed into the weapon from a 200-round ammunition box containing a disintegrating

metallic split-link belt As an emergency means of feeding, the saw can use a 20 or 30 round Ml6 rifle magazine This will increase the chance of stoppages The saw has a spare barrel to allow quick barrel changes during employment Barrels must not be interchanged with those from other saws unless the headspace has been set for that

weapon by ordnance personnel

Ammunition: Caliber.............................................. 5.56 millimeter Measurements: Length…………………………………………………..….40.87 inches Weight of SAW: With bipod and tools.........17 pounds With a 200 round drum ............................ 23.92 pounds Weight of full200 round drum ........... 6.92 pounds

Ranges: Point targets............................. 800 meters Area targets ............................ 1,000 meters Grazing fire................................. 600 meters Maximum... 3,600 meters

M2 .50 cal machine gun The machine gun, caliber .50, Browning, M2HB (M2 .50 cal), is a belt-fed, recoil-operated, air-

cooled, crew-served machine gun. The gun is capable of single shot as well as automatic fire Suppress and destroy enemy fortifications, vehicles and personnel Defend against low-flying hostile aircraft. Destroy lightly armored vehicles Ammunition:

Caliber..............................................................................................50 caliber

Weights/measurements: Total system weight (gun, and tripod complete).................................... 128 lbs Weight of receiver ...................................................................................60

lbs

Weight of barrel ......................................................................................24 lbs

Length of barrel....................................................................................... 45 “

Ranges: Maximum (M2 ball) ........................................7,400 meters (approximate) Maximum effective ........................................1,830 meters Grazing fire .....................................................700 meters

MK-19 machine gun The MK-19 is an air cooled, blowback-operated, fully automatic weapon The ammunition is fed into the gun by a disintegrating metallic link belt The MK-19 is employed from a tripod or from a variety of vehicles Suppress and destroy enemy personnel, fortifications, and vehicles Can be used to: Protect motor movements, assembly areas, and supply trains in bivouac Defend against hovering rotary aircraft Destroy lightly armored vehicles Fire on suspected enemy positions Provide high volumes of fire into an engagement area Cover obstacles Provide indirect fires from defilade positions Weights/measurements: Total system weight (gun, cradle, and tripod) ........................... 140.6 pounds Weight of gun ........................................................................ 75.6 pounds Weight of gun cradle (MK64 MODS) ........................................ 21 pounds Weight ofM3 tripod.................................................................. 44 pounds Length of gun ……….................................................................. 43.1 inches Caliber..................................................................................... 40

millimeter Ranges: Maximum …………………………………………………..………………………2,212 meters

60mm and 81mm mortar The immediate objective is to deliver a large volume of accurate and timely fire to inflict as many

casualties as possible on the enemy The 81-mm mortar, M29Al, is a smooth-bore, muzzle-loaded, high-angle-of-fire weapon The components of the mortar consist of a cannon, mount, and base plate Weights (pounds): The System (including basic issue items)……………………………… 121.5 (total in three loads) Barrel…………………………………………………………………………………..128 Mount…………………………………………………………………………………40 M3 Baseplate………………………………………………………………………25.4 M23A1 Baseplate………………………………………………………………48 M53 Sight unit…………………………………………………………………….2.25 Range(Minimum to maximum) 70 to 4,737 meters Rate of Fire: Sustained ……………3 to 5 rounds per minute for 1 minute Maximum for 2 minutes…………..12 rounds per minute Maximum for 5 minutes ………….12 rounds per minute The following are authorized cartridges for the 81-mm mortar, M29A1: High explosive--M374 series and M362 series White phosphorus--M375 series, M370 series, and M57 series Illuminating--M301 series Training practice--M68 and M880 (SRTR)

60-mm MORTAR, M224 The immediate objective is to deliver a large volume of accurate and timely fire to inflict as many

casualties as possible on the enemy Mortars are suppressive indirect fire (high-angle-of-fire) weapons. They can be employed to neutralize or

destroy area or point targets, screen large areas with smoke, and to provide illumination or coordinated HE/illumination.

The 60-mm mortar, M224, can be fired in the conventional mode or handheld mode The mortar is a muzzle-loaded, smooth-bore, high-angle-of-fire weapon. It can be drop-fired or trigger-

fired and has four major components: The Canon The bi-pod assembly The sight unit The base plate M8or M7 Weights: Complete mortar……………………………………….46.5 lbs Cannon, M225………………………………………..…18 lbs Bipod Assembly M170…………………………….…15.2 lbs Sight unit, M64Al ………………………………………14.4 lbs Base plate…………………………………………………..3.6 lbs Range: 70 to 3,490 meters

M777, 155mm howitzer

The M777 is smaller and 42% lighter, at less than 4,100 kg (9,000 lb), than the M198 it replaces. Most of the weight reduction is due to the use of titanium. The lighter weight and smaller size allows the M777 to be transported by USMC MV-22 Osprey, CH-47 helicopter or truck with ease, so that it can be moved in and out of the battlefield more quickly than the M198. The smaller size also improves storage and transport efficiency in military warehouses and Air/Naval Transport.

The gun crew required is an Operational Minimum of five, compared to a previous size of nineM142 High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS)

The High Mobility Artillery Rocket System (HIMARS) is a highly mobile artillery rocket system that offers MLRS firepower on a wheeled vehicle, making it an ideal system for the medium-weight brigades under the Marine Corps. The HIMARS launcher, a wheeled vehicle, is lighter in weight compared to the Army MLRS M-270 launcher. It weighs approximately 15 tons, compared to 27 tons for the M-270

Targeted Optical Wire-guided (TOW) weapon system The TOW is a crew portable, vehicle-mounted, heavy anitarmor weapon system consisting of a launcher and

one of five versions of the TOW missile. It is designed to defeat armored vehicles and other targets such as field fortifications from ranges up to 3,750 meters. After firing the missile, the gunner must keep the cross hairs of the sight centered on the target to ensure a hit. The system will operate in all weather conditions in which the gunner can see a target throughout the missile flight by using either a day or night sight

Section 116Tactical Measures Fundamentals

Discuss camouflage, cover, and concealment. What is CAMOUFLAGE?

Camouflage is anything that you can use to keep yourself, your equipment and your position from looking like what they really are. They can be both natural and man-made materials

What is COVER? Cover is anything that gives protection from bullets, fragments of exploding rounds, flame, nuclear effects, and biological and chemical agents. Cover can also conceal you from enemy observation. It can also be natural or man made

What is CONCEALMENT? Concealment is anything that hides you from enemy observation. Unlike Cover, Concealment does not protect you from enemy fire

Discuss the components of a five paragraph operations order: Situation, Mission, Execution, Administration, and Command (SMEAC).

An Offensive Operations Order is prepared using the SMEAC format. It has five (5) paragraphs, and each address specific topic relevant to the mission1. S Situation2. M Mission3. E Execution4. A Administrative and Logistics5. C Command and Signals

Discuss the Size, Activity, Location, Unit, Time, and Equipment (SALUTE) Report. 1. S Size of enemy unit2. A Activities of the enemy3. L Location (6 digit grid coordinates).4. U Unit markings (signs or symbols, uniform worn, vehicle identification)5. T Time of sighting (date-time group, local or Zulu/Greenwich Mean Time)6. E Equipment carried by the enemy, including their weapons

Discuss proper procedures to camouflage yourself and your field equipment. Camouflage is the use of concealment and disguise to minimize the possibility of detection and/or

identification of troops, material, equipment, and installations. The purpose of camouflage is to provide concealment of military objects from enemy observation.

Camouflage is also used to conceal an object by making it look like something else. A scout’s mission usually requires individual and equipment camouflage. If natural camouflage is not adequate, the position is camouflaged. In using camouflage, remember that objects are identified by their form (outline), shadow, texture, and color.

The principal purpose of camouflage in the field is to prevent direct observation and recognitionDiscuss the criteria for selecting a helicopter landing zone.

Appropriate size for type aircraft Day or Night Landing Add 100 feet over main rotor width for daytime landing and 150 feet for nighttime landing. Ground condition -stability, slopes, and obstacles Security

Discuss the following in regards to a helicopter in a landing zone. Ideally, each LZ/PZ is as level as possible, and free of major obstacles that might obstruct landings or

takeoffs (e.g., tall trees, telephone/power lines). Plans must be made to mark or identify obstacles than cannot be removed in order to aid the aircrew’s ability to safely land the aircraft. The ground itself must be firm enough to prevent bogging down; otherwise aircraft may have to hover during loading or unloading operations.

The site must be free of heavy dust, loose snow, logs, rocks, or dry grass.

Although level ground is preferable, some areas that can support the helicopter will not be level. As a planning rule, LZs with slopes greater than 7 degrees require additional consideration by the AFL and AMC

Landing Direction Discuss the SPOT Report.

It is imperative that the scout accurately and completely report who, where, when, and what was observed to the proper authority upon mission completion. In most cases, a scout will not be equipped with a radio

Verbal Reports Written Messages

Section 117Land Navigation Fundamentals

Discuss the twelve parts of the lensatic compass. 1. Luminous Sighting Dots2. Sighting Wire3. Luminous Magnetic Arrow4. Short Luminous Line5. Fixed Index Line6. Graduated Straight Edge7. Sighting Slot8. Lens9. Thumb Loop10. Floating Dial11. Bezel Ring12. Lens or Rear Sight

Discuss the map features identified by the colors below: Red – Classifies cultural features, such as populated areas main roads, and boundaries, on older maps. Blue - Identifies hydrography or water features such as lakes, swamps, rivers, and drainage. Red Brown - The colors red and brown are combined on red-light readable maps to identify cultural

features, all relief features, non-surveyed spot elevations, and elevations such as contour lines Black - Indicates cultural (man-made) features such as buildings and roads, surveyed spot elevations, and

all labels. Brown - Identifies all relief features and elevation, such as contours on older edition maps, and

cultivated land on red-light readable maps.Discuss the map features below using a standard 1:50,000 military map:

Hill - A hill is an area of high ground. A hill is shown on a map by contour lines forming concentric circles. The inside of the smallest closed circle is the hilltop

Saddle - A saddle is a dip or low point between two areas of higher ground. A saddle is not necessarily the lower ground between two hilltops; it may be simply a dip or break along a level ridge crest. A saddle is normally represented as an hourglass

Ridge - A ridge is a sloping line of high ground. If you are standing on the centerline of a ridge, you will normally have low ground in three directions and high ground in one direction with varying degrees of slope. Contour lines forming a ridge tend to be C-shaped or V-shaped. The closed end of the contour line points away from high ground

Depression - A depression is a low point in the, ground or a sinkhole. It could be described as an area of low ground surrounded by higher ground in all directions, or simply a hole in the ground. On maps, depressions are represented by closed contour lines that have tick marks pointing toward low ground

Finger (Spur) - A spur is a short, continuous sloping line of higher ground, normally jutting out from the side of a ridge. A spur is often formed by two rough parallel streams, which cut draws down the side of a ridge

Draw - A draw is a less developed stream course than a valley. If you are standing in a draw, the ground slopes upward in three directions and downward in the other direction. A draw could be considered as the initial formation of a valley. The contour lines depicting a draw arc U-shaped or V-shaped, pointing toward high ground

Explain the difference between a grid azimuth, a magnetic azimuth, and a back azimuth. A grid azimuth is when an azimuth is plotted on a map between point A (starting point) and point B

(ending point); the points are joined together by a straight line. A protractor is used to measure the angle between grid north and the drawn line, and this measured azimuth is the grid azimuth

The magnetic azimuth is determined by using magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses. A back azimuth is the opposite direction of an azimuth. It is comparable to doing "about face." To

obtain a Back azimuth from an azimuth, add 180 degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or less, or subtract 180

degrees if the azimuth is 180 degrees or more. The back azimuth of 180 degrees may be stated as 0 degrees or 360 degrees. For mils, if the azimuth is less than 3200 mils, add 3200 mils. if the azimuth is more than 3200 mils, subtract 3200 miles

Discuss or show the following: True North - A line from any point on the earth's surface to the North Pole. All lines of longitude are

true north lines. True north is usually represented by a star.

Magnetic North - The direction to the north magnetic pole, as indicated by the north-seeking needle of a magnetic instrument. The magnetic north is usually symbolized by a line ending with half of an arrowhead. Magnetic readings are obtained with magnetic instruments, such as lensatic and M2 compasses.

Grid North - The north that is established by using the vertical grid lines on the map. Grid north may be symbolized by the letters GN or the letter "y".

Discuss the techniques used to orient a map using a compass.

Compass When orienting a map with a compass, remember that the compass measures magnetic azimuths. Since the

magnetic arrow points to magnetic north, pay special attention to the declination diagram. With the map in a horizontal position/flat on the ground, take the straightedge on the left side of the

compass and place it along the magnetic north (north-south grid lines) arrow on the declination diagram with the cover of the compass pointing toward the top of the map. This procedure places the fixed black index line of the compass parallel to the magnetic north arrow (north-south grid lines).

Keeping the compass aligned as directed above, rotate the map and compass together until the magnetic arrow is below the fixed black index line on the compass. Your map is now oriented

Terrain Association You an orient your map using terrain association when a compass is not available or when you have to make

quick references as you move across country. Identify prominent terrain features on the map that you can find on the ground. Align terrain features with the map. If there is a tower to your front, then orient the map so that the

tower is to your right front. If there is a road off to your left, then ensure the road on the map is parallel on the ground.

Once all of the features are lined up, your map is orientedDiscuss the procedure for determining the location of an unknown point by intersection.

Intersection is the location of an unknown point by successively occupying at least two (preferably three) known positions on the ground and then map sighting on the unknown location. It is used to locate distant or inaccessible points or objects such as enemy targets and danger areas. There are two methods of intersection: the map and compass method and the straightedge method

Section 118MARINE CORPS PLANNING PROCESS FUNDAMENTALS

Discuss the following terms as they relate to planning considerations: Strategic Objective - The level of war at which a nation, often as a member of a group of nations,

determines national or multinational (alliance or coalition) strategic security objectives and guidance, and develops and uses national resources to achieve these objectives. Activities at this level establish national and multinational military objectives; sequence initiatives; define limits and assess risks for the use of military and other instruments of national power; develop global plans or theater war plans to achieve those objectives; and provide military forces and other capabilities in accordance with strategic plans

Operational Objective - The level of war at which campaigns and major operations are planned, conducted, and sustained to achieve strategic objectives within theaters or other operational areas. Activities at this level link tactics and strategy by establishing operational objectives needed to achieve the strategic objectives, sequencing events to achieve the operational objectives, initiating actions, and applying resources to bring about and sustain these events

Tactical Objective - The level of war at which battles and engagements are planned and executed to achieve military objectives assigned to tactical units or task forces. Activities at this level focus on the ordered arrangement and maneuver of combat elements in relation to each other and to the enemy to achieve combat objectives

Discuss the role, organization and function of an Operational Planning Team (OPT) Role

The primary role of the OPT is to support the commander in his decision making process by Organization

Commanders should task organize their OPT(s) based on the unique characteristics that surround each problem (mission)

Function The OPT core is able to brainstorm, identify problems, discuss concerns, and refine products before the

full OPT meets to continue planning. OPT core members must be able to think beyond their specialtyDiscuss the Marine Corps Planning Process (MCPP). Problem Framing

Problem framing is the first step in the MCPP. It may begin informally in response to indications and warnings or more formally when an order or

directive—including the HHQ mission and tasks to subordinate commands—is received. Course of Action Development Course of action development leads to one or more options for how the mission and commander’s intent

might be accomplished in accordance with the commander’s understanding as a result of the design effort that began during problem framing

Course of Action War Game The purpose of COA war gaming is to improve the plan. It examines and refines the option(s) in light of

adversary capabilities and potential actions/reactions as well as other factors peculiar to the operational environment, such as the local population and how it may respond to friendly and adversary interactions

Course of Action Comparison and Decision During COA comparison and decision, the commander evaluates each friendly COA against established

criteria, compares them with each other, and selects the COA he believes will best accomplish the missionOrders Development

The purpose of orders development is to translate the commander’s decision into oral, written, and/or graphic communication sufficient to guide implementation and promote initiative by subordinates

Transition Transition may involve a wide range of briefs, drills, or rehearsals necessary to ensure a successful

shift from planning to execution and be subject to the variables of echelon of command, mission complexity, and, most importantly, time.

At a minimum, this step includes a CONOPS briefDefine the following terms as they apply to deliberate planning: Center of Gravity

Defined as the source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act.

Commander’s Critical Information Requirements (CCIRs) Only the commander decides what information is critical, but the staff may propose commander’s critical

information requirements (CCIRs) to the commanderCommander Intent

Having engaged in a design dialogue with his planners and staff in order to gain insight into the problem, the commander provides his initial intent and guidance in order to direct continued actions in the planning process

TPFDD

Time-Phased Force and Deployment Data (TPFDD) . The JOPES database portion of an operation plan; it contains time-phased force data, non-unit-related cargo and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan

Discuss the following as they apply to planning: Top Down Planning Planning is a fundamental responsibility of command. The commander must not merely participate in planning, he must drive the process

Integrated Planning Integrated planning is conducted to coordinate action toward a common purpose by all elements of the

force

Single-Battle Concept Operations or events in one part of the battle space often have profound and consequent effects on other

areas and events; therefore, a commander must always view the battle space as an indivisible entityDefine the following terms as they apply to deliberate planning:

CONPLAN A CONPLAN is an operation plan in an abbreviated format that may require considerable expansion or

alteration to convert it into an OPLAN or OPORD. It includes a base plan with annexes required by the JFC and a supported commander’s estimate of the plan’s feasibility. It may also produce a TPFDD if applicable

OPLAN Any plan for the conduct of military operations prepared in response to actual and potential

contingencies. In the context of joint operation planning level 4 planning detail, a complete and detailed joint plan

containing a full description of the concept of operations, all annexes applicable to the plan, and a time-phased force and deployment data. It identifies the specific forces, functional support, and resources required to execute the plan and provide closure estimates for their flow into the theater

FUNCPLAN Plans involving the conduct of military operations in a peacetime or permissive environment developed by

combatant commanders to address requirements such as disaster relief, nation assistance, logistics, communications, surveillance, protection of US citizens, nuclear weapon recovery and evacuation, and continuity of operations or similar discrete tasks. They may be developed in response to the requirements of the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan, at the initiative of the combatant commander, or as tasked by the supported combatant commander, Joint Staff, Service, or Defense agency. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff review of combatant commander-initiated plans is not normally required

TPFDD The JOPES database portion of an operation plan; it contains time-phased force data, non-unit-related

cargo and personnel data, and movement data for the operation plan

Section 119FIRST AID AND FIELD SANITATION FUNDAMENTALS

Name the 3 phases of Tactical Combat Casualty Care (TCCC). Direct Threat Care/Care Under Fire (DT/CUF) Indirect Threat Care/Tactical Field Care (ITC/TFC) Evacuation/Tactical Evacuation (EVAC/TACEVAC)

Describe the contents of an Individual First Aid Kit (IFAK). Minor Injury Kit Trauma Kit Safety precautions associated with the components

Name different methods for carrying a casualty: Fireman’s carry Alternate fireman’s carry Support carry Arms carry Saddleback carry Pack strap carry Field expedient litter Load bearing equipment drag

Discuss how to apply a tourniquet. A tourniquet is a constricting band that is used to cut off the supply of blood to an injured limb. Use a tourniquet only as a last resort and if the control of hemorrhage by other means proves to be

difficult or impossible. A tourniquet must always be applied above the wound (i.e., toward the trunk), and it must be applied as

close to the wound as practicalDiscuss the basics on how to keep the airway open.

The tongue is the single most common cause of an airway obstruction Call for help and then position the casualty Open the airway using the jaw-thrust or head-tilt/chin-lift technique

Discuss how to treat a sucking chest wound. This is a penetrating injury to the chest that produces a hole in the chest cavity. The chest hole causes the lung to collapse, preventing normal breathing functions. This is an extremely serious condition that will result in death if not treated quicklyImmediately seal the wound with a hand or any airtight material available (e.g., ID card). The material must be large enough so that it cannot be sucked into the wound when the victim breathes inFirmly tape the material in place with strips of adhesive tape and secure it with a pressure dressing. It is important that the dressing is airtight. If it is not, it will not relieve the victim’s breathing problems. The object of the dressing is to keep air from going in through the wound. NOTE: If the victim’s condition suddenly deteriorates when you apply the seal, remove it immediatelyGive the victim oxygen if it is available and you know how to use itPlace the victim in a Fowler’s or semi-Fowler’s position. This makes breathing a little easier. During combat, lay the victim on a stretcher on the affected sideWatch the victim closely for signs of shock, and treat accordinglyDo not give victims with chest injuries anything to drinkTransport the victim to a medical treatment facility immediately

Discuss how to apply a pressure dressing. The best way to control external bleeding is by applying a compress to the wound and exerting pressure

directly to the wound. If direct pressure does not stop the bleeding, pressure can also be applied at an appropriate pressure point.

At times, elevation of an extremity is also helpful in controlling hemorrhage. The use of splints in conjunction with direct pressure can be beneficial.

In those rare cases where bleeding cannot be controlled by any of these methods, you must use a tourniquet

Discuss how to apply a splint to a fracture. Another effective method of hemorrhage control in cases of bone fractures is splinting. The

immobilization of sharp bone ends reduces further tissue trauma and allows lacerated blood vessels to clot. In addition, the gentle pressure exerted by the splint helps the clotting process by giving additional support to compresses or dressings already in place over open fracture sites

Discuss how to treat a burn. Burns are classified according to their depth as first-, second-, and third-degree burns

FIRST-DEGREE BURN . With a first-degree burn, the epidermal layer is irritated, reddened, and tingling. The skin is sensitive to touch and blanches with pressure. Pain is mild to severe, edema is minimal, and healing usually occurs naturally within a week

SECOND-DEGREE BURN . A second-degree burn is characterized by epidermal blisters, mottled appearance, and a red base. Damage extends into¾but not through¾the dermis. Recovery usually takes 2 to 3 weeks, with some scarring and de-pigmentation. This condition is painful. Body fluids may be drawn into the injured tissue, causing edema and possibly a weeping. fluid (plasma) loss at the surface

THIRD-DEGREE BURN . A third-degree burn is a full-thickness injury penetrating into muscle and fatty connective tissues, or even down to the bone. Tissues and nerves are destroyed. Shock, with blood in the urine, is likely to be present. Pain will be absent at the burn site if all the area nerve endings are destroyed, and the surrounding tissue (which is less damaged) will be painful. Tissue color will range from white (scalds) to black (charring burns). Although the wound is usually dry, body fluids will collect in the underlying tissue. If the area has not been completely cauterized, significant amounts of fluids will be lost by plasma, weeping, or by hemorrhage, thus reducing circulation volume. There is considerable scarring and possible loss of function. Skin grafts may be necessary.

Discuss how to treat a heat injury. Heat exhaustion (heat prostration or heat collapse) is the most common condition caused by working or

exercising in hot environments Treat heat exhaustion as if the victim were in shock Move the victim to a cool or air-conditioned area Loosen the clothing, apply cool wet cloths to the head, axilla, groin, and ankles, and fan the victim

Discuss how to treat a cold injury. General cooling of the whole body is caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly falling temperatures,

cold moisture, snow, or ice Those exposed to low temperatures for extended periods may suffer ill effects, even if they are well

protected by clothing, because cold affects the body systems slowly, almost without notice The steps for treatment of hypothermia are as follows Carefully observe respiratory effort and heart beat; CPR may be required while the warming process is

underway. Re-warm the victim as soon as possible. It may be necessary to treat other injuries before the victim can be moved to a warmer place. Severe bleeding must be controlled and fractures splinted over clothing before the victim is moved

Replace wet or frozen clothing and remove anything that constricts the victim’s arms, legs, or fingers, interfering with circulation

If the victim is inside a warm place and is conscious, the most effective method of warming is immersion in a tub of warm (100° to 105°F or 38° to 41°C) water. The water should be warm to the elbow-never hot. Observe closely for signs of respiratory failure and cardiac arrest (re-warming shock). Re-warming shock can be minimized by warming the body trunk before the limbs to prevent vasodilatation in the extremities with subsequent shock due to blood volume shifts

If a tub is not available, apply external heat to both sides of the victim. Natural body heat (skin to skin) from two rescuers is the best method. This is called .buddy warming. If this is not practical, use hot water bottles or an electric re-warming blanket. Do not place the blanket or bottles next to bare skin, however, and be careful to monitor the temperature of the artificial heat source, since the victim is very susceptible to burn injury. Because the victim is unable to generate adequate body heat, placement under a blanket or in a sleeping bag is not sufficient treatment

If the victim is conscious, give warm liquids to drink. Never give alcoholic beverages or allow the victim to smoke

Dry the victim thoroughly if water is used for re-warming As soon as possible, transfer the victim to a definitive care facility. Be alert for the signs of

respiratory and cardiac arrest during transfer, and keep the victim warm

Discuss snake and insect bites. Snake

Snakebites, insect bites, or stings can cause intense pain and/or swelling. If not treated promptly and correctly, they can cause serious illness or deathThe severity of snakebite depends upon: whether the snake is poisonous or nonpoisonous, the type of snake, the location of the bite, and the amount of venom injected

Knowledge and prompt application of first-aid measures can lessen the severity of injuries from bites and stings and keep the service member from becoming a serious casualtyPoisonous snakes DO NOT always inject venom when they bite or strike a person. However, all snakes may carry tetanus (lockjaw); anyone bitten by a snake, whether poisonous or nonpoisonous, should immediatelyseek medical attention-Get the casualty to an MTF as soon as possible and with minimum movementIf the bite is on an arm or leg, place a constricting band (narrow cravat [swathe], or narrow gauze bandage) one to two fingerbreadths above and below the biteIf the bite is on the hand or foot, place a single band above the wrist or ankle. The band should be tight enough to stop the flow of blood near the skin, but not tight enough to interfere with circulation

Insect Commonly seen signs/symptoms are pain, irritation, swelling, heat, redness, and itching. Hives or wheals (raised areas of the skin that itch) may occurEmergency allergic or hypersensitive reactions sometimes result from the stings of bees, wasps, and antsWash the area of the bite/sting with soap and water (alcohol or an antiseptic may also be used) to help reduce the chances of an infection and remove traces of venomIf allergic signs or symptoms appear, be prepared to perform basic life support measures. Seek immediate medical assistance

Discuss how to evaluate personnel for Traumatic Brain Injuries (TBI). Commanders or their representatives are required to assess all Service members involved in a mandatory

event, including those without apparent injuries, as soon as possible using the Injury/Evaluation/Distance from Blast (I.E.D.)

I. E. D. Checklist Injury - Physical damage to the body or body part of the Service member? (Yes/No) Evaluation - Referral for a medical evaluation based on involvement in a mandatory event or demonstration

of any of the “HEADS” symptoms at any point, H – Headaches and/or Vomiting (Yes/No) E - Ears ringing (Yes/No) A – Amnesia and/or altered consciousness and/or loss of consciousness (Yes/No) D - Double vision and/or dizziness (Yes/No) S - Something feels wrong or is not right (Yes/No) Distance or proximity to blast or damage - Was the Service member within 50 meters of blast (Yes/No). Record the distance from the blast

· Web viewThe association of the Marine Corps with the Mameluke sword began in the early 19th century. The "Mamelukes" were an elite Muslim military force from Eastern and Northern - [DOCX Document] (2024)

References

&middot; Web viewThe association of the Marine Corps with the Mameluke sword began in the early 19th century. The "Mamelukes" were an elite Muslim military force from Eastern and Northern - [DOCX Document] (2024)

References

· Web viewThe association of the Marine Corps with the Mameluke sword began in the early 19th century. The "Mamelukes" were an elite Muslim military force from Eastern and Northern - [DOCX Document] (2024)